UYENZA KANJANI I-CARBON FIBBER?

I-Carbon fiber, eyakhiwe ngezinhlanganisela zezinto ezingafani (i-fiber ne-resin), ukuhlukahluka kwazo, kanjalo, ukuhleleka, isilinganiso esiyisikwele esimaphakathi nenhlese yazo. Njengengxenye yensimbi, izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zinikeza amandla aphindwe kashumi kumandla ensimbi. Abakhiqizi be-carbon fibre bakha umkhiqizo onesilinganiso esiyisikwele esifanayo kodwa esingafani. I-Carbon fiber iyahlukahluka nge-tensile modulus (noma ukuqina okunqunywa njengokuwohloka ngaphansi kobunzima) kanye nokushuba, ukucindezelwa namandla okukhathala

Xhumana nathi

I-PAN-based carbon fiber itholakala kulezi zinsuku nge-modulus ephansi (ngaphansi kwezigidi ezingamashumi amathathu nambili ze-lbf/in² noma i-Msi), i-modulus yesiko (33 kuya ku-Msi amashumi amathathu nesithupha), i-modulus ephakathi (40 kuya ku-Msi yamashumi amahlanu), i-modulus ephezulu (i-Msi engu-50 ukuya kwamashumi ayisikhombisa) kanye ne-ultrahigh modulus eyikhulu (ama-Msi angu-70 ukuya kweyinye).
Ngamagama alula, i-carbon fibre idalwe ngokushintshwa kwe-associate degree organic precursor fiber ku-associate degree inert atmosphere emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1800°F (982.22 °C). Ukwakhiwa kwe-carbon fibre, nokho, kungase kube ibhizinisi elithuthukile.

I-Polymerization kanye Nokuphotha

I-Polymerization

Inqubo iqala nge-chemical compound feed stock ebizwa ngokuthi i-precursor enomgogodla wamangqamuzana we-fiber. Namuhla, cishe amaphesenti angu-100 e-carbon fibre edaliwe yenziwa ngendwangu noma i-pitch-based precursors, kodwa iningi layo livela ku-polyacrylonitrile (PAN), ekhiqizwa nge-nitrite, ne-nitrite ivela kumakhemikhali ezimbonini i-propane ne-ammonia.

Ngokuvamile, ukwakhiwa kwesandulela kuqala nge-associate degree nit rile compound ehlanganiswa ku-reactor ene-plasticized acrylic co monomer kanye ne-catalyst efana ne-asidi, i-dioxide, uwoyela we-vitriol noma i-asidi. Ukuhlanganisa okuqhubekayo kuvumela izithako ukuthi zihlangane, zenze ukungaguquguquki nokuhlanzeka okuthile, futhi kuqalise ukwakheka kwama-radicals mahhala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana e-nitrite. Lokhu kuguqulwa kubangela inqubo yamakhemikhali, ekhiqiza ama-polymer amaketango amade afaka imicu ye-acrylic.Imininingwane yenqubo yamakhemikhali, njengezinga lokushisa, umoya, ama-co monomers athile kanye nama-catalysts, ubunikazi besilinganiso sesikwele. Ngemva kokuwashwa nokomiswa, i-nitrite eluhlobo lwempushana incibilika nge-associate degree organic solvent efana ne-dim ethyl sulfide (DMSO), i-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) noma i-dimethylformamide (DMF), noma i-associate degree liquid solvent, njengenombolo ye-athomu engu-30 chloride nosawoti we-rhodamine. Izinyibilikisi ze-organic zisiza ukugwema ukulandelela ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya zensimbi, okungase kulimaze ukuzinza kwe-aerophilous eshisayo yendlela futhi kubambezele ukusebenza kokushisa kwefayibha eqediwe. Kulesi sigaba, ukumiswa kwe-powder kanye ne-solvent noma i-precursor "coating" yilokho ukuvumelana kwesiraphu. Ukukhethwa kwe-solvent ngakho-ke izinga lokuphathwa konya lokumboza (ngokuhlunga ngokujulile) isilinganiso sesikwele esibalulekile empumelelweni yesigaba esilandelanayo sokwakheka kwefayibha.
Ukuphotha
I-PAN fibers square measure edalwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukuphotha okumanzi. I-coating icwiliswa phakathi kukabhavu wenqubo yemvelo ewuketshezi futhi ikhishwe ngembobo ngesikhathi se-spinneret ekhiqizwa kusukela kokubalulekile. Iphaseji ifaniswe nezinhlobonhlobo ezidingekayo zemicu ye-PAN fiber (isb, izimbobo eziyi-12,000 ze-12K carbon fiber). Le fibre ephothene emanzi uma kuqhathaniswa ewugqinsi futhi idonswa ngerola ukuze kukhishwe i-ejenti eyeqile, bese yomiswa futhi yelulwe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuma kwenhlanganisela ye-PAN. Lapha, ifomu kanye nengxenye yangaphakathi ye-cross-sectional yesilinganiso sesikwele se-filaments kunqunywa izinga lokuthi i-solvent ne-ejenti ekhethiwe ingena emiculweni eyandulelayo, inani lokushuba okusetshenzisiwe, kanye nokwelulwa kwe-pc kwemicu. Okwakamuva kungokwakhe wonke umkhiqizi. Enye indlela yokuphotha okumanzi kungaba indlela exubile ebizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma okomile/ ukuphotha okumanzi, esebenzisa igebe lomoya elimile phakathi kwemicu kanye nobhavu wenqubo yemvelo. Lokhu kuholela ku-PAN fibre eyindilinga eshelelayo ethuthukisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-fiber/matrix rosin ngaphakathi kwenhlanganisela Isinyathelo sokugcina ngaphakathi kokwakheka kwe-PAN precursor fibers ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okuqeda ukumisa i-viscous filaments kusukela ekuhlanganiseni. I-PAN fibers emhlophe isilinganiso sesikwele bese yomiswa futhi bese igaywa ku-spool.

I-Oxidation kanye ne-Carbonization

I-oxidation

Lezi zilinganiso eziyisikwele zama-bobbins zilayishwa kubhasikidi, futhi ngaphakathi kokukhiqizwa okude kakhulu, isigaba se-oxidization, i-PAN fibers isikwele isilinganiso esinikezwa ngochungechunge lwezithando zomlilo ezizinikele. Ngaphambi kokuthi bangene entweni yokuqala yasekhishini, i-PAN fibers square measure placate ibe ithowuzi noma ishidi elibizwa ngokuthi i-warp. Izinga lokushisa legumbi lisukela ku-392 °F (ca. 200 °C) kuya ku-572 °F (300 degrees Celsius).

Ukuze ugweme ukungaboshiwe kokushisa okubalekayo (isilinganiso se-enthalpy unharness kuyo yonke i-oxidation, esingaba ku-2,000 kJ/kilogram, hambisa Ingozi yangempela yeziko), abakhi bezinto zikagesi zasekhishini basebenzisa ukusabalala kokugeleza kwezitayela zomoya ukusiza ukuqeda ukushisa nokulawula izinga lokushisa. Eqhutshwa ikhemikhali ethile eyandulelayo, isikhathi se-oxidization sihluke ngokuphelele, nokho u-Littler ulinganisela ukuthi i-24K tow izoshintshwa ngenani elilinganiselwa kumafidi angamashumi amane nantathu ngamamitha ayishumi nantathu ngomzuzu emugqeni ongaphandle oneziko eziningi ze-oxidization. Ekugcineni, amafayibha e-PAN ashintshile (aqinisiwe) aqukethe ukusuka cishe kwekhulu amahlanu ukuya mayelana nama-molecule ekhabhoni angamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu kanti ibhalansi iyigesi, inhlanganisela yenombolo ye-athomu engu-7 kanye no-O.
I-Carbonization
Ukwenziwa kwekhabhoni kwenzeka ngesikhathi somoya ongasebenzi (ongenawo umoya-mpilo) ochungechungeni lwezithando zomlilo eziklanywe ngokukhethekile, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo okwandisa izinga lokushisa lenqubo. Emanzini nasekuphumeni kwawo wonke amagumbi, igumbi lokuthuthukisa livimbela ukungena kuka-O ngenxa yokuthi yonke i-molecule ye-O edlula ezintweni zasekhishini isusa imicu encane. Lokhu kungase kuvimbele ukulahleka kwekhabhoni ekhiqizwa ekushiseni okunjalo. Lapho ingekho i-O, ama-molecule angewona awekhabhoni kuphela, kanye nenhlanganisela Kanye nezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo (ezinziswe ezingeni ledigri lamashumi amane kuya kwangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ppm) kanye nezinhlayiya (njengengxenye yezingxenye zefiber ezifakwe ingxenye) ziyakhishwa futhi Zikhishwe ekhishini ukuze ziyokwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa esithandweni esilawulwa imvelo. i-carbonisation iqala phakathi negumbi lokushisa, dlulisela imicu ku-1292 °F (ca. 700 °C) kuya ku-1472 °F (700 °C kuya ku-800 °C) futhi iphele phakathi negumbi lokushisa elingu-2192 °F (ca. 1,200 °C) liye ku-2732 °F (ca. 0 °C. 1,5). 1500 ° C). Inani lamakamelo linqunywa yi-modulus edingekayo ngaphakathi kwe-carbon fiber; intengo ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa yemicu ye-modulus carbon fibers ephezulu nengalinganisiwe ibangelwa ngokwengxenye ukuqhubeka kanye nezinga lokushisa okufanele lizuzwe yisithando somlilo. nakuba ukuqhubeka kungokobunikazi futhi lonke ibanga le-carbon fiber lihluke ngokuphelele, ukuqhubeka kwe-oxidization kubalwa ngamahora, nokho izinga le-carbonisation lincishiswa ngohlelo lobukhulu ngamaminithi. Uma i-fiber isishintsha isimo, inciphisa isisindo nevolumu, ifinyeze ubude ngamahlanu kuya ku-100%, futhi inciphise ububanzi. Eqinisweni, ukuhlobana kobuningi bokuguqulwa kwesandulela se-PAN ku-PAN carbon fiber kuphathelene no-2:1 kanye nekhono lokususa liyinani elincane kunepheya—okungukuthi, into eningi encane ingena endleleni. Le ndlela yokwenza ihlanganisa ama-molecule angu-O asuka emoyeni namafiber e-PAN ngaphakathi kwe-warp ehlanganisiwe futhi iqala ukuhlanganisa i-cross-link of the cross-linking. Lokhu kuzonyusa ukuminyana kwefayibha kusukela ku-~1.18 g/cc kufika kokukodwa.38 g/cc.

Ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokulinganisa

Ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokulinganisa
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwefayibha, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kozandulela, siwuhlukanisa kangcono umkhiqizo womphakeli oyedwa kumkhiqizo wezimbangi. Ukunamathela phakathi kwe-matrix organic compound ngakho-ke imicu ye-carbon ibalulekile ekuqiniseni inhlanganisela; kuyo yonke indlela yokukhiqiza i-carbon fibre, ukwelashwa kwendawo kuyenziwa ukuze kukhuliswe lokhu kunamathela.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-01-2018

Indlela yokwenza i-carbon fiber?

UYENZA KANJANI I-CARBON FIBBER?

I-Polymerization kanye Nokuphotha

I-Oxidation kanye ne-Carbonization

Ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokulinganisa