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Yadda za a yi carbon fiber?

YAYA AKE YIN KARATUN KARBE?

Fiber Carbon, wanda ya ƙunshi combos na kayan da ba kamar fiber ba (fiber da resin), bambancinsu, don haka, daidaitawa, ma'aunin murabba'in tsakiyar fara'a. A matsayin maye gurbin ƙarfe, abubuwan haɗin fiber carbon suna ba da ƙarfin ƙarfe sau goma. Masu kera fiber na carbon suna ƙirƙirar samfur wanda ma'aunin murabba'in iri ɗaya ne amma ba iri ɗaya ba. Fiber Carbon ya bambanta a cikin modulus na tensile (ko ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙasƙanci a ƙasa) da ƙarfi, matsawa da ƙarfin gajiya.

Tuntube Mu

Ana samun fiber carbon fiber na tushen PAN kwanakin nan a cikin ƙananan modulus (kasa da miliyan talatin da biyu lbf/in² ko Msi), modulus na al'ada (33 zuwa talatin da shida Msi), matsakaicin modules (40 zuwa Msi hamsin), babban modulus (50 zuwa Msi saba'in) da ultrahigh (70 zuwa ɗari da arba'in Msi).
A cikin mafi sauƙi, fiber carbon an ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar matsawa matakin haɗin gwal na ƙirar fiber na haɗin gwiwa a cikin yanayin ƙarancin ƙarancin digiri a yanayin zafi sama da 1800 ° F (982.22 ° C). Kera fiber carbon, duk da haka, na iya zama ci-gaban sana'a.

carbon fiber

Polymerization da Kadi

Polymerization

Tsarin yana farawa ne da kayan abinci na fili na sinadari da ake magana da shi azaman mafari wanda ke da kashin bayan kwayoyin fiber. A yau, game da kashi 100 na fiber carbon da aka ƙirƙira an ƙirƙira shi ne da zane ko abubuwan da aka samo asali, duk da haka yawancinsa ya fito ne daga polyacrylonitrile (PAN), wanda aka kera daga nitrite, kuma nitrite ya fito ne daga sinadarai na masana'antu propane da ammonia.

Kara karantawa
Yawanci, tsari na farko yana farawa da haɗin digiri nit rile fili wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin wani injin daskarewa tare da acrylic co monomer na filastik da mai kara kuzari kamar acid, dioxide, man vitriol ko acid. Ci gaba da haɗawa yana ba da damar abubuwan haɗin gwiwa su haɗu, yin wasu daidaito da tsabta, da kuma ƙaddamar da samuwar radicals kyauta a cikin tsarin kwayoyin nitrite. Wannan gyare-gyare yana haifar da tsarin sinadarai, wanda ke samar da nau'in polymers mai tsawo wanda ke da nau'in acrylic fibers. Cikakkun bayanai game da tsarin sinadarai, kamar zafin jiki, yanayi, takamaiman co monomers da masu kara kuzari, ma'auni na ma'auni. Bayan wankewa da bushewa, nitrite a cikin nau'in foda yana narkar da shi a cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i na wanki) narke kamar dim ethyl sulfide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMAC) ko dimethylformamide (DMF) ko dimethylformamide (DMF)) ko kuma dimethylformamide (DMF). Abubuwan kaushi na halitta suna sauƙaƙe don guje wa gurɓataccen ƙwayar ƙarfe, wanda zai iya cutar da kwanciyar hankali mai zafi na hanyar kuma yana jinkirta aikin zafi na ƙãrewar fiber. A wannan mataki, da foda da sauran ƙarfi dakatar ko precursor "shafi" shi ne cewa daidaito na syrup. Zaɓin sauran ƙarfi kuma saboda haka matakin gudanarwa na viciousness na shafi (ta cikin zurfin tacewa) ma'aunin murabba'i mai mahimmanci ga nasarar ci gaba da samuwar fiber.
Juyawa
PAN fibers square ma'auni wanda aka kera ta hanyar da ake kira rigar kadi. Rufin yana nutsewa a lokacin wani tsari na ruwa na wanka na ruwa kuma ana fitar da shi ta cikin rami yayin da aka ƙera shi daga ƙima. An daidaita nassi zuwa nau'ikan filaments da ake buƙata na fiber PAN (misali, ramukan 12,000 na fiber carbon 12K). Ana zana wannan fiber mai kauri mai kauri da karyewa ta hanyar abin nadi don kawar da abin da ya wuce kima, sannan a bushe kuma a miƙe don ci gaba da fuskantar mahallin PAN. A nan, da nau'i da na ciki giciye-section na filaments square ma'auni ƙaddara da har zuwa cewa zaɓaɓɓen sauran ƙarfi da wakili shiga cikin precursor zaruruwa, da yawa tashin hankali amfani, da kuma pc elongation na filaments. Na ƙarshe na kowane furodusa ne. Madadin rigar kadi na iya zama hanyar haɗaɗɗiyar da ake kira busassun iska mai ƙarfi/rigar kadi, wanda ke amfani da tazarar iska a tsaye tsakanin zaruruwa da kuma baho mai tsari na halitta. Wannan yana haifar da firam ɗin PAN mai sumul mai sumul wanda ke haɓaka ƙirar fiber / matrix rosin interface a cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa Mataki na ƙarshe a cikin samuwar PAN precursor fibers shine cewa amfani da mai karewa don dakatar da filaments na viscous daga agglomerating. Ma'aunin murabba'in farar filayen PAN sai a sake bushewa kuma a raunata a kan spool.
carbon fiber oxidation tanda

Oxidation da Carbonization

Oxidation

Wadannan ma'aunin murabba'in bobbins an ɗora su a cikin kwandon, kuma a cikin mafi tsayin samarwa, matakin oxidization, ma'aunin murabba'in PAN fibers wanda aka ciyar da shi ta jerin tanderun da aka keɓe. Kafin su shiga kayan aikin dafa abinci na farko, ma'aunin filaye na PAN suna sanya a cikin ja ko takarda da ake magana da shi azaman warp. Yanayin zafin ɗakin yana daga 392 °F (kimanin 200 ° C) zuwa 572 °F (digiri 300 Celsius).

Kara karantawa
Don gujewa rashin ƙarfi na zafi mai gudu (ƙididdigar rashin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a duk lokacin oxidization, ƙididdigewa a kilogiram 2,000, motsawa Haɗarin murhu na gaskiya), masu yin kayan aikin dafa abinci suna amfani da yaɗuwar yanayin iska don taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi da zafin jiki. Kore ta wani takamaiman sinadari na precursor, lokacin iskar oxygen ya bambanta sosai, duk da haka Littler yayi kiyasin cewa za a canza tawul ɗin 24K a cikin ƙimar kusan ƙafa arba'in da uku a cikin mita goma sha uku a cikin minti ɗaya akan layin da ya wuce girman tare da tanderun oxidization da yawa. A ƙarshe, canjin (daidaitacce) filayen PAN sun ƙunshi daga kusan kashi ɗari biyar zuwa game da ƙwayoyin carbon na sittin da biyar tare da ma'auni kasancewar iskar gas, gauraya lambar atomic 7 da O.
Carbonization
Carbonization yana faruwa ne a lokacin da ba shi da iska (wanda ba shi da iskar oxygen) a cikin jerin tanderun da aka kera na musamman, mataki-mataki yana ƙara yawan zafin jiki. A jikin ruwa da maɓuɓɓugar kowane ɗaki, ɗakin ingantawa yana hana O kutsawa sakamakon kowane O molecule da ke wucewa ta cikin kayan kicin yana cire ɗan zaren. Wannan na iya hana asarar carbon da ke haifarwa a irin wannan zafi. A cikin rashin O, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da ba na carbon ba, tare da fili Kuma nau'ikan mahadi masu canzawa daban-daban (tsayar da su a matakin digiri na arba'in zuwa tamanin ppm) da ɓarna (kamar ɓangarorin fiber ɗin da aka ajiye) ana cire su kuma ana fitar da su daga na'urar dafa abinci don bayan jiyya a cikin tanderun da ke sarrafa muhalli. Carbonisation yana farawa a lokacin ɗakin zafin jiki, canja wurin zaruruwa zuwa 1292 ° F (ca. 700 ° C) zuwa 1472 ° F (700 ° C zuwa 800 ° C) kuma yana ƙarewa a lokacin ɗakin zafi a 2192 ° F (ca. 1,200 ° C) zuwa 2732 ° F (ca. 1,500). 1500 ° C). An yanke shawarar adadin ɗakunan ta hanyar ƙirar da ake buƙata a cikin fiber carbon; da kwatankwacin high farashin na high da m high modulus carbon zaruruwa ne saboda partially zuwa ci gaba da zafin jiki da ya samu da za a samu ta wurin zafi tanderu. ko da yake ci gaba na mallakar mallaka ne kuma kowane nau'in fiber carbon ya bambanta gaba ɗaya, ana ƙididdige ci gaba da iskar oxygen a cikin sa'o'i, duk da haka ana rage ƙimar carbonisation ta tsari mai girma a cikin mintuna. Da zarar fiber ya canza yanayin, yana rage nauyi da girma, yana rage tsawon da biyar zuwa 100%, kuma yana rage diamita. A gaskiya ma, yanayin jujjuya ƙididdiga na PAN precursor zuwa PAN carbon fiber shine game da 2: 1 kuma ikon ƙaura yana da ƙarami fiye da nau'i-nau'i - wato, ƙarancin abu mai yawa ya shiga cikin hanyar. Wannan zai ƙara yawan fiber daga ~ 1.18 g / cc har zuwa daya.38 g / cc.
carbon fiber Carbonization

Maganin saman da girman

Maganin saman da girman
Mataki na gaba yana da mahimmanci ga aikin fiber, kuma ga abubuwan da aka riga aka ambata, ya fi bambanta samfurin mai kaya ɗaya daga samfuran masu fafatawa. Adhesion tsakanin matrix Organic fili kuma sabili da haka carbon fibers suna da mahimmanci don ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar; a ko'ina cikin hanyar samar da fiber carbon, ana yin jiyya a saman don haɓaka wannan mannewa.

Kara karantawa
Masu samarwa suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na jiyya, duk da haka daidaitaccen dabarar ita ce ta jawo zaruruwa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar sunadarai ko tantanin halitta mai ɗauke da amsa, kamar maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta ko acid. Waɗannan kayan suna buga ko canza saman kowane filament, wanda zai ƙara faɗuwar samun damar haɗin fiber / matrix kuma yana ƙara ƙungiyoyin sinadarai masu amsawa kamar carboxyl acid. Bayan haka, yi amfani da shafi na musamman wanda aka sani da girma. A 0.5% zuwa biyar ta nauyin fiber carbon, girman yana kare fibers ɗin carbon zuwa nau'in haɗin gwiwa, kamar busassun zane da prepreg, cikin tsari da tsari (misali, saƙa). Girman kuma yana riƙe da filament na mono tare don yanke baya, haɓaka ƙarfin tsari da haɓaka ƙarfin juzu'i tsakanin filaye don haka matrix Organic fili.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-01-2018
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