I-Carbon fiber composite material iyi-fiber eqinisiwe impahla eyenziwe nge-carbon fibre kanye ne-resin, insimbi, i-ceramics nezinye i-matrix. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esilula, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, njll., isetshenziswe kabanzi ku-aerospace, ezemidlalo nokungcebeleka, isitimela esinesivinini esiphezulu eminyakeni yamuva. Emkhakheni wezimoto kanye nobunjiniyela bomphakathi. I-Carbon fiber composite materials inokumelana nokukhathala okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokwakhiwa ngenxa yamandla aphezulu namandla aphezulu, okuyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa olwandle ngezidingo ezikhethekile ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo. qaphela. Eminyakeni yakamuva, izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zibambe iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla ogwini lolwandle, kanye nokulungisa ubunjiniyela basolwandle.
1.Ukufaka isicelo ebhodini
Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zinenzuzo yemvelo ngaphezu kwezinto zokwakha zemikhumbi zendabuko. Okokuqala, izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zinezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. I-hull ikhiqizwa ngezici zesisindo esincane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwephethiloli ephansi, futhi inqubo yokwakha ilula, umjikelezo ufushane, futhi ukubunjwa kulula, ngakho izindleko zokwakha nezokugcina ziphansi kakhulu kunomkhumbi wensimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-carbon fiber kanye ne-resin matrix kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukusakazeka kokuqhekeka, impahla inokumelana nokukhathala okuhle; ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-inertness yamakhemikhali ye-carbon fibre surface, i-hull inezici ukuthi i-organism yasemanzini inzima ku-epiphytic kanye ne-corrosion resistant, okubuye kube ukwakhiwa komkhumbi. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto zokwakha. Ngakho-ke, izinto ze-carbon fibre composite zinezinzuzo ezihlukile zokusebenza okuphelele ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, futhi manje sezisetshenziswa kabanzi kulo mkhakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-carbon fiber kuye kwakhuthazwa kusukela ekukhuliseni insimu yesicelo.
1.1Imikhumbi yezempi
Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zinezakhiwo ezinhle ze-acoustic, kazibuthe nezikagesi: zisobala, ziyakwazi ukungena umsindo futhi azinamagnetic, ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okucashile kwemikhumbi yempi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela ku-superstructure yomkhumbi akwehlisi nje kuphela isisindo somkhumbi, kodwa futhi kudlulisa futhi kwamukele amagagasi kagesi ngefrikhwensi enqunywe kusengaphambili ngokuvikela isendlalelo esikhetha imvamisa esishumekwe ku-interlayer ukuvikela amaza kagesi e-radar yesitha. . Isibonelo, isikebhe sekilasi le-"skjold" elakhiwa Umbutho Wamasosha Wasemanzini waseNorwegian ngo-1999 wasebenzisa isangweji esiyinhlanganisela ye-polyvinyl chloride foam core layer, i-glass fibre kanye ne-carbon fiber interlayer. Lo mklamo awuthuthukisi kuphela isilinganiso samandla nesisindo, kodwa futhi unokumelana nomthelela omuhle. Ukusebenza futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu izici zokuskena eziphansi kazibuthe, anti-infrared kanye ne-anti-radar. I-Swedish Visby-class frigates, eyagunyazwa ngo-2000, wonke asebenzisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fiber, ezinemisebenzi ekhethekile yokunciphisa isisindo, i-radar kanye ne-infrared double stealth.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsika eziyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fiber emikhunjini kuye kwavela kancane kancane. Umkhumbi we-LPD-17, owasebenza e-United States ngo-2006, usebenzisa i-carbon fibre/Balsa core advanced composite mast eyinhlanganisela. Ngokungafani nensika yoqobo evulekile, i-LPD-17 isebenzisa isistimu entsha evalwe ngokugcwele yensika/yenzwa. (I-AEM/S), ingxenye engaphezulu yale mast ehlanganisiwe ye-carbon fibre ivala i-frequency selective surface material (FSS), evumela amagagasi anefrikhwensi ethile ukuthi adlule, futhi ingxenye engezansi ingabonisa amaza e-radar noma imuncwe izinto ezimunca i-radar. . Ngakho-ke, inomsebenzi omuhle we-radar stealth kanye nokutholwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-antenna ahlukahlukene kanye nemishini ehlobene kuhlanganiswe ngokulinganayo esakhiweni, okungelula ukugqwala, futhi kuhambisana kakhulu nokugcinwa kwemishini. I-European Navy ithuthukise insika efanayo yenzwa ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe nge-nanofiber-made glass fiber ehlanganiswe ne-carbon fiber njengendlela yokuqinisa. Ivumela imishayo ye-radar ehlukahlukene kanye nezimpawu zokuxhumana ukuthi zidlule ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka komunye nomunye, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuphansi kakhulu. Ngo-2006, le-ATM yensika yobuchwepheshe ethuthukisiwe yasetshenziswa esithwalweni sendiza ye-British Navy's "Royal Ark".
Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zingasetshenziswa kwezinye izici zomkhumbi. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa njengesistimu ye-propeller kanye ne-propulsion shafting ohlelweni lokuhambisa ukunciphisa imiphumela yokudlidliza nomsindo we-hull, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhunjini yokuhlola kanye nemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi esheshayo. Ingasetshenziswa njengephini lokuqondisa emishinini nasezinsizeni, imishini ethile ekhethekile namasistimu amapayipi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo ezinamandla kakhulu ze-carbon fiber nazo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintanjeni zemikhumbi yempi yezempi nezinye izinto zempi.
1.2 Izikebhe zomphakathi
Ama-yachts amakhulu ngokuvamile angawangasese futhi ayabiza, adinga isisindo esilula, amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina. Izinhlanganisela zefiber yekhabhoni zingasetshenziswa ekudayileni kwezinsimbi zezikebhe nama-antenna, amaphini okuqondisa, nasezindaweni eziqinisiwe ezifana namadekhi, amakhabhini, namakhanda omkhumbi. I-yacht yendabuko eyinhlanganisela yenziwe ngokuyinhloko nge-FRP, kodwa ngenxa yokungaqini okwanele, isikebhe sivame ukuba sisinda kakhulu ngemva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama okuqinile, futhi i-glass fiber iyi-carcinogen, evinjelwa kancane kancane kwamanye amazwe. Ingxenye yezinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre esetshenziswa ezikebheni zanamuhla eziyinhlanganisela iye yanda kakhulu, futhi abanye baye basebenzisa ngisho nezinhlanganisela ze-carbon fiber. Isibonelo, i-super-yacht yase-Baltic ethi "Panama", i-double-barge, i-hull kanye nedekhi kuhlanganiswe ne-carbon fibre / epoxy resin isikhumba, i-Nomex honeycomb kanye ne-Corecell TM structural foam core, i-hull ingama-60m ubude. Kodwa isisindo esiphelele singama-210t kuphela. I-Sunreef 80 Levante, i-carbon fibre catamaran eyakhiwe yi-Polish catamaran's Sunreef Yachts, isebenzisa izinhlanganisela zesemishi le-vinyl ester resin, i-PVC foam kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre. Ama-mast boom ayizinhlanganisela ze-carbon fiber ngokwezifiso, futhi ingxenye kuphela ye-hull isebenzisa i-FRP. . Isisindo esingenamthwalo singama-45t kuphela. Isivinini esisheshayo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.
Isikebhe se-“Zhongke·Lianya” esakhiwe ngo-2014 siwukuphela kwesikebhe se-carbon fiber e-China. Yiyacht eluhlaza eyenziwe ngenhlanganisela ye-carbon fibre kanye ne-epoxy resin. Ilula ngo-30% kunohlobo olufanayo lweyacht ye-fiberglass futhi inamandla aphezulu, isivinini esisheshayo kanye nokusebenzisa uphethiloli okuphansi.
Ukwengeza, izintambo nezintambo zesikebhe zisebenzisa izintambo ze-carbon fiber ezinamandla kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Njengoba i-carbon fibre ine-tensile modulus ephakeme kunaleyo yensimbi namandla aqinile izikhathi eziningana noma ngisho izikhathi eziyishumi, futhi inempahla elukiweyo yefayibha, intambo ye-carbon fibre isetshenziswa njengesisekelo, esingakha intambo yensimbi yensimbi kanye nentambo ye-organic polymer. Akwanele.z
2. Isicelo ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla olwandle
2.1 Izizinda zikawoyela negesi ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fibre seziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha olwandle negesi. Ukugqwala endaweni yasolwandle, ukugunda okuphezulu, nokugunda okuqinile okubangelwa ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo kubeka izidingo eziqinile ekumelaneni nokugqwala, amandla nokukhathala kwempahla. Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zinezinzuzo ezisobala ekukhanyeni, ukuqina kanye nokungagqwali ekuthuthukisweni kwamasimu kawoyela aphesheya kwezilwandle: isiteji sokumba ukujula kwamanzi esingu-1500m sinentambo yensimbi enesisindo esingaba ngu-6500t, kuyilapho ukuminyana kwe-carbon fiber eyinhlanganisela kuyinsimbi evamile. I-1/4, uma i-carbon fiber composite material isetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye yensimbi, umthamo womthwalo weplatifomu yokumba uzoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi izindleko zokwakha zesikhulumi zizogcinwa. Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kwe-sucker rod kuzoholela kalula ekukhathaleni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngenxa yokucindezela okungalingani phakathi kwamanzi olwandle nokucindezela ngaphakathi kweshubhu. Ukuphuka, nokusebenzisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fibre kungaxazulula le nkinga; ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwemvelo yamanzi olwandle, impilo yayo yesevisi emanzini olwandle yinde kunensimbi, futhi ukujula kokusetshenziswa kujulile.
Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fiber zingasetshenziswa njengamapayipi omthombo wokukhiqiza, izinti zokuncelisa, amathangi okugcina, amapayipi ahamba ngaphansi kolwandle, amadekhi, njll. ezisekelweni zokumba zasenkundleni kawoyela. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlukaniswe yaba yinqubo ye-pultrusion kanye nenqubo yokuphefumula emanzi. I-pultrusion ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumapayipi avamile namapayipi axhumayo. Indlela yokusonta ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengendawo engaphezulu yethangi lokugcina kanye nomkhumbi wokucindezela, futhi ingasetshenziswa epayipini eliguquguqukayo le-anisotropic lapho okuhlanganisiwe kwe-carbon fiber kulimala futhi kuhlelwe nge-engeli ethile ongqimbeni lwezikhali.
I-sucker rod eqhubekayo yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fibre iyisakhiwo esifana neribhoni esifana nefilimu futhi sinokuguquguquka okuhle. Ikhiqizwe futhi yasetshenziswa yi-United States ngawo-1990. Yenziwe nge-carbon fibre njenge-fibre eqinisayo kanye ne-resin engafakwanga njengesisekelo sezinto. Ikhiqizwa inqubo ye-pultrusion ngemuva kokwelapha okuxhumanisa okuphambanayo ekushiseni okuphezulu. Kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2003, i-China yasebenzisa i-carbon fibre sucker rod kanye nenduku evamile yensimbi endaweni kawoyela we-beam ukuze yenze umshayeli. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon fibre sucker rod kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuphuma kukawoyela futhi kunciphise umthwalo wemoto, eyonga kakhulu amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbon fibre composite sucker rod imelana kakhulu nokukhathala nokumelana nokugqwala kunenduku yensimbi yokuncela, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwamasimu kawoyela angaphansi kolwandle.
2.2 Amandla omoya ogwini lolwandle
Imithombo yamandla omoya amaningi olwandle iyindawo ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nenkundla ethuthuke kakhulu nedinga kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bamandla omoya. Ugu lwaseChina lubalelwa ku-1800km futhi kuneziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-6,000. Ugu oluseningizimu-mpumalanga nezifunda zesiqhingi zicebile ngezinsiza zomoya futhi kulula ukuzithuthukisa. Eminyakeni yakamuva, imizamo yokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle iye yasekelwa iminyango efanele. Ngaphezu kuka-90% wesisindo samandla omoya aqukethe izinto eziyinhlanganisela. Imimoya emikhulu olwandle kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla aphezulu nakanjani kuzodinga ama-blade amakhudlwana namandla athile angcono kanye nokuqina. Ngokusobala, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fibre zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukisa ama-blade okukhiqiza amandla amakhulu, angasindi, asebenza kahle kakhulu, angabizi kakhulu, futhi afaneleka kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni olwandle kunezinto ezihlanganisiwe zengilazi.
Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zinezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla omoya olwandle. I-carbon fiber composite blade inekhwalithi ephansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, futhi i-modulus iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-8 kunomkhiqizo we-glass fiber; umswakama mkhulu ngaphansi kwemvelo yasolwandle, isimo sezulu siyashintsha, futhi ifeni isebenza amahora angu-24. I-blade inokumelana nokukhathala okuhle futhi ingamelana nesimo sezulu esibi. Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-aerodynamic kwe-blade futhi inciphise umthwalo embhoshongweni kanye ne-axle, ukuze amandla okukhiphayo we-fan abe bushelelezi futhi alinganisele, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuyathuthukiswa. Ukusebenza kwe-conductive, ngokuklama okukhethekile kwesakhiwo, kungagwema ngokuphumelelayo umonakalo obangelwa ukushaywa kombani ku-blade; ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha ze-wind turbine blade; futhi ube nezici zokudambisa ukudlidliza.
3.Izicelo zobunjiniyela basolwandle
I-carbon fiber composite materials isetshenziswa ezakhiweni zobunjiniyela zasolwandle. Ngokuyinhloko basebenzisa izici zesisindo sokukhanya, amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi bafake esikhundleni sezinto zokwakha zensimbi zendabuko ngendlela yamathenda kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo ukuxazulula inkinga yezindleko zokuthutha eziphezulu zensimbi yokuguguleka kwamanzi olwandle kanye nokuhamba. Isetshenziswe emabhilidini e-offshore island reef, amadokhu, amapulatifomu antantayo, imibhoshongo elula, njll. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre ukubuyisela ubunjiniyela kwaqala ngawo-1980, futhi iMitsubishi Chemical Corporation yaseJapane yahola ekucwaningeni izakhiwo zemishini yezinhlanganisela ze-carbon fiber kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ekuqiniseni ubunjiniyela. Ucwaningo lokuqala lwalugxile ekuqinisweni kwemishayo kakhonkolo eqinisiwe kusetshenziswa izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre, kamuva ezashintsha zaba ukuqinisa nokuqinisa ubunjiniyela bomphakathi obuhlukahlukene. Ukulungiswa kwamapulatifomu kawoyela aphesheya kwezilwandle namachweba yizinhlanganisela ze-carbon fiber kuyisici esisodwa kuphela sokusetshenziswa kwakho. Kunamadokhumenti amaningi ahlobene. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi inkampani yase-US DFI yasebenzisa izinduku ze-carbon fibre ukulungisa isikhumulo se-Navy Pearl Harbor. Ngaleso sikhathi, ochwepheshe basebenzisa izinduku ze-carbon fibre ukuze balungise ukuqinisa. Idokhi elungisiwe ye-carbon fiber rod ingamelana nensimbi engu-9t ukusuka ku-2.5m ukuphakama. Iwa ngaphandle kokulimala, futhi umphumela wokuthuthukisa uyabonakala.
Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre kubunjiniyela basolwandle, kukhona futhi uhlobo lokulungisa nokuqinisa amapayipi noma amakholomu ahamba ngaphansi kolwandle. Izindlela zokulungisa zendabuko ezifana nokushisela, ukuthuthukiswa kokushisela, ama-clamps, i-grouting, njll. zinemikhawulo yazo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela kuvinjelwe kakhulu endaweni yasolwandle. Ukulungiswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre ngokuyinhloko kwenziwa ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi ezinamathelayo eziphezulu njengendwangu ye-carbon fibre ne-epoxy resin, enamathele endaweni yokulungisa, ngakho-ke incane futhi ilula, inamandla amakhulu, inhle ngokuqina, ilula ekwakheni, futhi ivumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene. Inenzuzo ebalulekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2019