Mpweya wa carbon fiber composite ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi kaboni fiber ndi resin, zitsulo, ceramics ndi masanjidwe ena. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kutentha kwakukulu, ndi zina zotero, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, masewera ndi zosangalatsa, njanji yothamanga kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. M'minda yamagalimoto ndi zomangamanga. Zida za carbon fiber composite zimakhala ndi kutopa kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri komanso ntchito yabwino yomanga chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito panyanja ndi zofunikira zapadera pazinthu zakuthupi. yang'anirani. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma composites a carbon fiber atenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga zombo, kukulitsa mphamvu zakunyanja, komanso kukonza uinjiniya wapamadzi.
1.Kufunsira pa bolodi
Mpweya wa carbon fiber uli ndi ubwino wachilengedwe kuposa zipangizo zamakono zomangira zombo. Choyamba, ma composite a carbon fiber amakhala ndi makina abwino. Chombocho chimapangidwa ndi makhalidwe a kulemera kochepa komanso kutsika kwa mafuta, ndipo ntchito yomangayi imakhala yosavuta, kuzungulira kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuumba kumakhala kosavuta, choncho mtengo womanga ndi kukonza ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa sitima yachitsulo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, popeza mawonekedwe pakati pa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi utomoni masanjidwewo angathe kuteteza mng'alu kufalitsa, nkhani ali wabwino kutopa kukana; Komanso, chifukwa cha inertness mankhwala a mpweya CHIKWANGWANI pamwamba, chiboliboli ali ndi makhalidwe kuti zamoyo zam'madzi n'zovuta epiphytic ndi dzimbiri kugonjetsedwa, amenenso ndi sitima yomanga. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakusankha zida. Chifukwa chake, zida zophatikizika za kaboni fiber zili ndi maubwino apadera pakupanga zombo, ndipo tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito iyi. Nthawi yomweyo, chitukuko cha mafakitale a carbon fiber chalimbikitsidwa kuchokera kukukula kwa gawo la ntchito.
1.1 Sitima zapamadzi
Ma composites a carbon fiber ali ndi ma acoustic, maginito ndi magetsi abwino: ndi owonekera, omveka bwino komanso osagwiritsa ntchito maginito, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kake ka zombo zankhondo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida zophatikizika m'mapangidwe apamwamba a sitimayo sikungochepetsa kulemera kwa chombocho, komanso kumatumiza ndikulandila mafunde amagetsi pamlingo wodziwikiratu poteteza kusanjikiza kosankha pafupipafupi komwe kumayikidwa mu interlayer kuteteza mafunde a radar electromagnetic mdani. . Mwachitsanzo, gulu la "skjold" cruiser lomwe linamangidwa ndi Norwegian Navy mu 1999 linagwiritsa ntchito masangweji opangidwa ndi polyvinyl chloride foam core layer, glass fiber ndi carbon fiber interlayer. Kapangidwe kameneka sikumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kulemera kwake, komanso kumakhala ndi kukana kwabwino. Kuchita kumathandizanso kwambiri mawonekedwe a low magnetic, anti-infrared ndi anti-radar scanning. Ma frigates aku Sweden a Visby-class, omwe adatumizidwa mu 2000, onse amagwiritsa ntchito zida zophatikizika za kaboni, zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito yapadera yochepetsera kulemera, radar ndi infrared double stealth.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masts ophatikizidwa ndi kaboni fiber pazombo kwayamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono. Sitima yapamadzi ya LPD-17, yomwe idatumizidwa ku United States mu 2006, imagwiritsa ntchito makina a carbon fiber/Balsa core advanced composite mast. Mosiyana ndi mlongoti wotseguka woyambirira, LPD-17 imagwiritsa ntchito makina atsopano otsekedwa kwathunthu. (AEM/S), kumtunda kwa carbon fiber composite mast imakwirira ma frequency selective surface material (FSS), kulola mafunde okhala ndi ma frequency enieni kuti adutse, ndipo theka lakumunsi limatha kuwonetsa mafunde a radar kapena kutengeka ndi zida zotengera radar. . Chifukwa chake, ili ndi ntchito zabwino zowonera radar komanso kuzindikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ma antennas osiyanasiyana ndi zida zofananira zimaphatikizidwa chimodzimodzi mu kapangidwe kake, zomwe sizili zophweka kuti ziwonongeke, ndipo zimathandizira kukonza zida. Gulu Lankhondo la ku Europe lapanganso mlongoti wofananira wotsekeka wopangidwa ndi magalasi opangidwa ndi nanofiber kuphatikiza ndi kaboni fiber monga kulimbikitsa. Zimalola kuti mizati yosiyanasiyana ya radar ndi zizindikiro zoyankhulirana zidutse mosasokoneza wina ndi mzake, ndipo kutayika kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Mu 2006, ATM yaukadaulo wapamwambayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chonyamulira chandege cha "Royal Ark" cha British Navy.
Mpweya wa carbon fiber ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazinthu zina za sitimayo. Mwachitsanzo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati propeller ndi propulsion shafting system mu propulsion system kuti achepetse kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndi phokoso la chombocho, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'sitima zowunikira komanso zombo zoyenda mwachangu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwongolero pamakina ndi zida, zida zina zapadera zamakina ndi mapaipi. Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe zolimba kwambiri za carbon fiber zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pazingwe zankhondo zapamadzi ndi zida zina zankhondo.
1.2 Mabwato a anthu
Ma yacht akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala achinsinsi komanso okwera mtengo, omwe amafunikira kulemera pang'ono, mphamvu zambiri komanso kukhazikika. Mpweya wa carbon fiber ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyimba zida za ma yacht ndi tinyanga, zowongolera, ndi zomangira zolimbitsidwa monga ma desiki, ma cabins, ndi mitu ya sitima zapamadzi. Yacht yophatikizika yachikhalidwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi FRP, koma chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kokwanira, hull nthawi zambiri imakhala yolemetsa kwambiri ikakwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe kake, ndipo ulusi wagalasi ndi carcinogen, yomwe imaletsedwa pang'onopang'ono kunja. Kuchuluka kwa ma carbon fiber composites omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwato ophatikizika amakono awonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo ena agwiritsanso ntchito zida za carbon fiber composites. Mwachitsanzo, bwato lapamwamba la Baltic "Panama" lokhala ndi mabwato awiri, chiboliboli ndi sitimayo zili ndi khungu la carbon fiber / epoxy resin, Nomex № honeycomb ndi Corecell TM structural foam core, hull ndi 60m kutalika. Koma kulemera kwake ndi 210t kokha. Sunreef 80 Levante, carbon fiber catamaran yomangidwa ndi Polish catamaran's Sunreef Yachts, imagwiritsa ntchito masangweji a vinyl ester resin, PVC foam ndi carbon fiber composite. Ma mast booms ndi makina a carbon fiber composites, ndipo gawo limodzi lokhalo limagwiritsa ntchito FRP. . Kulemera kopanda katundu ndi 45t kokha. Kuthamanga mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.
Boti la "Zhongke·Lianya" lomwe linamangidwa mchaka cha 2014 ndi lokhalo lokhalo la carbon fiber ku China. Ndi yacht yobiriwira yopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa kaboni fiber ndi epoxy resin. Ndi 30% yopepuka kuposa yacht yamtundu womwewo wa fiberglass yacht ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuthamanga mwachangu komanso kutsika kwamafuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe ndi zingwe za bwatoli zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zolimba kwambiri za carbon fiber kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo. Popeza kaboni CHIKWANGWANI chili ndi machulukidwe modulus apamwamba kuposa chitsulo ndi mphamvu kumangika kangapo kapena ngakhale makumi nthawi, ndipo ali ndi katundu nsalu CHIKWANGWANI, ndi mpweya CHIKWANGWANI chingwe ntchito ngati m'munsi zinthu, amene akhoza kupanga kwa chingwe zitsulo waya ndi organic polima chingwe. Zosakwanira.z
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu chitukuko cha mphamvu za m'nyanja
2.1 Minda yamafuta apamadzi ndi gasi
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zopangira kaboni fiber zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yopanga mafuta am'madzi ndi gasi. Kudzimbirira m'madera a m'nyanja, kumeta ubweya wambiri, ndi kumeta mwamphamvu chifukwa cha kuyenda kwamadzi kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisamachite dzimbiri, mphamvu ndi kutopa kwa zinthuzo. Mpweya wa carbon fiber uli ndi ubwino wodziwikiratu pakuwala, kukhazikika komanso kudana ndi dzimbiri pakukula kwa minda yamafuta akunyanja: nsanja yoboola yakuya yamadzi 1500m ili ndi chingwe chachitsulo chokhala ndi unyinji wa pafupifupi 6500t, pomwe kachulukidwe ka kaboni fiber ndi chitsulo wamba. 1/4, ngati carbon fiber composite material ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chitsulo, mphamvu yolemetsa ya nsanja yobowola idzachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mtengo womanga nsanja udzapulumutsidwa. Kuyenda kobwerezabwereza kwa ndodo yoyamwitsa kungayambitse kutopa kwakuthupi chifukwa cha kupanikizika kosagwirizana pakati pa madzi a m'nyanja ndi kupanikizika mkati mwa chubu. Kuthyola, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni fiber zimatha kuthetsa vutoli; chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chilengedwe cha madzi a m'nyanja, moyo wake wautumiki m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi wautali kuposa chitsulo, ndipo kuya kwa ntchito kumakhala kozama.
Mpweya wa carbon ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapaipi opangira bwino, ndodo zoyamwitsa, akasinja osungira, mapaipi apansi pamadzi, mapepala, ndi zina zotero. Njira yopangira zinthu imagawidwa kukhala pultrusion ndi njira yonyowa yokhotakhota. Pultrusion imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi wamba ndi mapaipi olumikizira. Njira yokhotakhota imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pamwamba pa thanki yosungiramo komanso chotengera chopondereza, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mu chitoliro chosinthika cha anisotropic momwe zinthu zophatikizika za kaboni zimapwetekedwa ndikukonzedwa pamakona enaake mu zida zankhondo.
Ndodo yoyamwa yosalekeza ya zinthu zophatikizika za kaboni fiber imakhala ngati riboni yofanana ndi filimu ndipo imakhala yosinthika bwino. Anapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi United States mu 1990s. Amapangidwa ndi kaboni CHIKWANGWANI monga kulimbikitsa CHIKWANGWANI ndi unsaturated utomoni monga maziko maziko. Amapangidwa ndi njira ya pultrusion pambuyo pa kuchiritsa kolumikizirana pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2003, China idagwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya carbon fiber ndi ndodo wamba yachitsulo m'munda wamafuta wamtengo wapatali kupanga woyendetsa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa carbon fiber sucker ndodo kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri kutulutsa kwamafuta ndikuchepetsa katundu wagalimoto, yomwe imakhala yopatsa mphamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndodo ya kaboni fiber composite sucker imalimbana ndi kutopa komanso kukana dzimbiri kuposa ndodo yachitsulo, ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga minda yamafuta apansi pa nyanja.
2.2 Mphamvu yamphepo yakunyanja
Mphamvu zamphamvu zamphepo zambiri panyanja ndi gawo lofunikira pachitukuko chamtsogolo komanso gawo lotsogola komanso lovuta laukadaulo wamagetsi amphepo. Mphepete mwa nyanja ku China ndi pafupifupi 1800km ndipo pali zisumbu zoposa 6,000. Magombe akum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi madera a zilumba ali ndi zinthu zambiri zamphepo komanso zosavuta kupanga. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zoyesayesa zolimbikitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu zamphepo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zathandizidwa ndi madipatimenti oyenera. Zoposa 90% za kulemera kwa masamba amagetsi opangidwa ndi mphepo zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Mphepo zazikulu panyanja ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kwamphamvu kumafunikira masamba akulu ndi mphamvu zapadera komanso kukhazikika. Mwachiwonekere, zida zopangira kaboni fiber zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukulitsa zida zazikulu, zopepuka, zogwira ntchito kwambiri, zotsika mtengo zopangira magetsi, ndipo ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'madzi kuposa zida zopangira magalasi.
Mpweya wa carbon fiber uli ndi ubwino waukulu pakupanga mphamvu zamphepo zam'madzi. Tsamba la carbon fiber composite liri ndi khalidwe lochepa komanso lolimba kwambiri, ndipo modulus ndi 3 mpaka 8 kuposa za galasi fiber mankhwala; chinyezi ndi chachikulu pansi pa chilengedwe cha m'nyanja, nyengo imasinthasintha, ndipo fanizi imagwira ntchito kwa maola 24. Tsambali lili ndi mphamvu yabwino yolimbana ndi kutopa ndipo imatha kukana nyengo yoipa. Imawongolera magwiridwe antchito a tsamba ndikuchepetsa katundu pa nsanja ndi chitsulo, kotero kuti mphamvu yotulutsa ya fan imakhala yosalala komanso yolinganiza bwino, komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhala bwino. Kuchita kwa conductive, kudzera pamapangidwe apadera, kumatha kupewa kuwonongeka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mphezi pa tsamba; kuchepetsa kupanga ndi kunyamula mtengo wa turbine turbine blade; ndi kukhala ndi kugwedera damping makhalidwe.
3.Mapulogalamu aukadaulo apanyanja
Zida zopangidwa ndi kaboni fiber zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zaumisiri zam'madzi. Amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka mawonekedwe a kulemera kopepuka, kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kukana dzimbiri, ndikusinthanso zida zomangira zitsulo zachikhalidwe monga ma tendon ndi magawo omangika kuti athetse vuto la kukwera mtengo kwamayendedwe azitsulo zakukokoloka kwamadzi am'nyanja ndi zoyendera. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nyumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, ma docks, nsanja zoyandama, nsanja zowala, ndi zina zotero. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma carbon fiber composites pobwezeretsa uinjiniya kunayamba m'ma 1980, ndipo Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation ya ku Japan inatsogolera pakufufuza za makina a carbon fiber composites ndi ntchito yawo mu engineering reinforcement. Cholinga choyambirira cha kafukufuku chinali kulimbikitsa matabwa a konkriti olimbikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma carbon fiber composites, omwe pambuyo pake adasintha kukhala kulimbikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa mainjiniya osiyanasiyana. Kukonzanso kwa nsanja zamafuta akunyanja ndi madoko opangidwa ndi ma carbon fiber composites ndi gawo limodzi lokha la ntchito yake. Pali zolemba zambiri zokhudzana. Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti kampani ya US DFI idagwiritsa ntchito ndodo za carbon fiber kukonza malo otchedwa Navy Pearl Harbor. Pa nthawiyo, amisiriwa ankagwiritsa ntchito ndodo za carbon fiber kuti akonzenso chilimbikitsocho. Doko lokonzedwanso la carbon fiber limatha kupirira chitsulo cha 9t kuchokera ku 2.5m kutalika. Imagwa popanda kuwonongeka, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonekera.
Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito zida za carbon fiber mu engineering ya m'madzi, palinso mtundu wa kukonza ndi kulimbikitsa mapaipi apansi pamadzi kapena mizati. Njira zosamalira zachikhalidwe monga kuwotcherera, kuwongolera zowotcherera, zotsekera, zopangira ma grouting, ndi zina zambiri zili ndi malire awo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kumakhala koletsedwa m'malo am'madzi. Kukonzekera kwa carbon fiber composites makamaka kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zomatira za utomoni monga nsalu ya carbon fiber ndi epoxy resin, zomwe zimamatira pamwamba pa kukonza, kotero zimakhala zoonda komanso zopepuka, zamphamvu kwambiri, zabwino kukhazikika, zosavuta pomanga, komanso zosinthika ku maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Lili ndi phindu lalikulu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-23-2019