Carbon fiber composite material bụ eriri carbon fiber na resin, metal, ceramics na matriks ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ịdị arọ ya dị arọ, ike dị elu, nkwụsị okpomọkụ dị elu, wdg, ejirila ya mee ihe na mbara igwe, egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ, ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị elu na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. N'ihe gbasara ụgbọ ala na injinia obodo. Carbon fiber composite material nwere ezigbo ike ọgwụgwụ ike ọgwụgwụ, nguzogide corrosion na ịrụ ọrụ dị mma n'ihi ike dị elu na ike dị elu, nke na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa mmiri nwere ihe pụrụ iche chọrọ na ihe onwunwe. nche maka. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ihe mejupụtara fiber carbon arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na-abawanye na iwu ụgbọ mmiri, mmepe ike nke oke osimiri, na nrụzi injinia mmiri.
1.Ngwa n'elu osisi
Ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon nwere uru ebumpụta ụwa karịa ihe eji ewu ụgbọ mmiri ọdịnala. Nke mbụ, carbon fiber composites nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ. A na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ ahụ na njirimara nke ịdị arọ dị arọ na obere mmanụ ọkụ, na usoro ihe owuwu ahụ dị mfe, okirikiri ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, na ịkpụzi ahụ dị mma, ya mere ọnụ ahịa ụlọ na mmezi dị ala karịa nke ụgbọ mmiri ígwè. N'otu oge ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na interface dị n'etiti eriri carbon na resin matrix nwere ike igbochi mgbasa mgbape nke ọma, ihe ahụ nwere ezigbo ike ọgwụgwụ; na mgbakwunye, n'ihi kemịkalụ inertness nke carbon fiber elu, akpị nwere àgwà na aquatic organism siri ike epiphytic na corrosion eguzogide, nke bụkwa ụgbọ mmiri na-ewu. Otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa na ịhọrọ ihe. Ya mere, carbon fiber composite ihe nwere uru pụrụ iche zuru oke na-arụ ọrụ n'ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri, ma ugbu a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọhịa a. N'otu oge ahụ, a kwalitewo mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ fiber carbon site na mgbasawanye ngwa ngwa.
1.1 Ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha
Ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon nwere ezigbo ụda, magnetik na eletriki: ha na-apụta ìhè, ụda-permeable na ndị na-abụghị magnetik, yabụ enwere ike iji ha mee ka arụmọrụ stealth dị mma nke ụgbọ mmiri agha. Ojiji nke ihe mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara na superstructure nke ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụghị nanị na-ebelata ibu nke akịrịkọ, ma na-ebunye ma na-anata electromagnetic ebili mmiri na a predetermined ugboro site ichebe ugboro nhọrọ oyi akwa agbakwunyere na interlayer iji chebe ndị iro radar ebili mmiri electromagnetic. . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụgbọ mmiri klaasị "skjold" nke ndị agha mmiri Norwegian wuru na 1999 jiri ihe mejupụtara Sanwichi mejupụtara oyi akwa polyvinyl chloride foam core, fiber glass na carbon fiber interlayer. Nhazi a ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka ike dị arọ dị arọ, kamakwa ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị mma na-eguzogide. Arụmọrụ a na-akwalitekwa njirimara dị ala magnetik, mgbochi infrared na mgbochi radar. Ụgbọ mmiri Visby-class Swedish, nke enyere ọrụ na 2000, ha niile na-eji ihe mejupụtara carbon fiber, nke nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche nke mbelata ibu, radar na infrared okpukpu abụọ.
Ngwa nke eriri carbon gbasiri ike n'elu ụgbọ mmiri ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ pụta. Ụgbọ mmiri LPD-17, nke e nyere ọrụ na United States na 2006, na-eji carbon fiber/Balsa core Advanced composite composite mast. N'adịghị ka mast mepere emepe nke mbụ, LPD-17 na-eji sistemu mast/ sensọ emechiela nke ọma. (AEM/S), akụkụ elu nke carbon fiber composite mast na-ekpuchi ihe ndị na-ahọrọ ihe elu ugboro ugboro (FSS), na-ekwe ka ebili mmiri nwere otu ugboro ka ọ gafere, na ọkara nke ala nwere ike igosipụta ebili mmiri radar ma ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ radar. . Ya mere, ọ nwere ezigbo radar stealth na nchọpụta ọrụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ejikọta antennas dị iche iche na ihe ndị yiri ya n'otu n'otu na nhazi ahụ, nke na-adịghị mfe imebi, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na-edozi ngwa ahụ. Ndị agha mmiri nke Europe ewepụtala mast sensọ mechiri emechi nke ejiri nanofiber mee ya na eriri carbon dị ka ihe nkwado. Ọ na-enye ohere dị iche iche radar ibé na nzikọrịta ozi na-agafe n'enweghị nsogbu na ibe ya, na ọnwụ dị nnọọ ala. N'afọ 2006, a na-eji mast teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ a na-ebu ụgbọ elu "Royal Ark" nke British Navy.
A pụkwara iji ihe ndị mejupụtara eriri carbon mee ihe n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji ya dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-eme ka mmetụta na-ama jijiji na mkpọtụ nke anụ ahụ, ma na-ejikarị ya na ụgbọ mmiri nyocha na ụgbọ mmiri ngwa ngwa. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe nrịbama na igwe na akụrụngwa, ụfọdụ ngwaọrụ arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na sistemụ ọkpọkọ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ejikwa eriri carbon fiber ike dị elu mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na eriri ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha na ihe ndị agha ndị ọzọ.
1.2 Ụgbọ mmiri obodo
Nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri na-abụkarị nke onwe ma dị oke ọnụ, chọrọ ịdị arọ, ike dị elu na ogologo oge. Enwere ike iji ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon na ngwa ngwa ụgbọ mmiri na antennas, rudders, yana n'ihe arụrụ arụ siri ike dị ka oche, ụlọ, na nnukwu isi ụgbọ mmiri. A na-eji ụgbọ mmiri ọdịnala mejupụtara ụgbọ mmiri FRP, mana n'ihi enweghị isi ike zuru oke, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na-adịkarị oke arọ mgbe o mezuru ihe ndị a chọrọ n'ichepụta siri ike, na eriri iko bụ carcinogen, nke ejiri nwayọ machibido mba ọzọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe mejupụtara fiber carbon e ji mee ihe n'ụgbọ mmiri ndị mejupụtara nke oge a abawanyela nke ukwuu, ụfọdụ ejirila ihe mejupụtara carbon fiber mee ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri nke Baltic "Panama" nwere ụgbọ mmiri abụọ, akpụkọ na oche na-eji carbon fiber / epoxy resin skin, Nomex mmanụ aṅụ na CorecellTM structural foam core, ọkpụkpụ ahụ dị 60m ogologo. Mana ngụkọta arọ bụ naanị 210t. Sunreef 80 Levante, carbon fiber catamaran nke Polish catamaran's Sunreef Yachts wuru, na-eji vinyl ester resin sandwich composites, ụfụfụ PVC na carbon fiber composites. Ọganihu mast bụ ihe mejupụtara carbon fiber omenala, na naanị akụkụ nke hull na-eji FRP. . Ibu enweghị ibu bụ naanị 45t. Ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ, obere mmanụ mmanụ na arụmọrụ dị mma.
Ụgbọ mmiri "Zhongke·Lianya" arụrụ n'afọ 2014 bụ ugbu a naanị ụgbọ mmiri nwere eriri carbon zuru oke na China. Ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ejiri ngwakọta nke eriri carbon na resin epoxy mee. Ọ dị 30% ọkụ karịa otu ụdị ụgbọ mmiri fiberglass ma nwee ike dị elu, ọsọ ọsọ na obere mmanụ mmanụ.
Na mgbakwunye, eriri ụgbọ mmiri na eriri na-eji eriri carbon fiber ike dị elu iji hụ na nchekwa. Ebe ọ bụ na eriri carbon nwere modul dị elu karịa nke ígwè na ike nkwụsị nke ọtụtụ ugboro ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ iri ugboro, ma nwee ihe a kpara akpa nke eriri ahụ, a na-eji eriri carbon fiber mee ihe dị ka ihe ndabere, nke nwere ike ime maka eriri ígwè ígwè na eriri polymer organic. Ezughi oke.z
2. Ngwa na mmepe ike mmiri
2.1 Ebe okpuru mmiri na mmanụ gas
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ihe ndị mejupụtara carbon fiber na-aghọwanye nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ubi mmanụ na gas na-emepụta ihe. Corrosion na gburugburu mmiri mmiri, akwa akwa, na ịkwa akwa siri ike kpatara site na mmiri na-asọpụta n'okpuru mmiri na-eme ka ihe siri ike dị na nkwụsị nke corrosion, ike na ike ọgwụgwụ nke ihe onwunwe. Ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon nwere uru doro anya na ìhè, ịdịgidesi ike na mgbochi corrosion na mmepe nke ala mmanụ dị n'ụsọ mmiri: ebe a na-egwupụta mmiri dị omimi nke 1500m nwere eriri igwe nwere ihe dị ka 6500t, ebe njupụta carbon fiber mejupụtara bụ igwe nkịtị. 1/4, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eji carbon fiber composite ihe eji dochie akụkụ nke ígwè ahụ, a ga-ebelata ikike ibu nke ikpo okwu ikpo okwu, a ga-echekwa ọnụ ahịa ụlọ nke ikpo okwu. Ntughari mmegharị nke mkpanaka sucker ga-eduga ngwa ngwa na ike ọgwụgwụ ihe onwunwe n'ihi nrụgide na-enweghị isi n'etiti mmiri mmiri na nrụgide n'ime tube. Ịgbaji, na iji carbon fiber composite material nwere ike dozie nsogbu a; n'ihi nguzogide corrosion nke gburugburu mmiri mmiri, ndụ ọrụ ya na mmiri mmiri dị ogologo karịa ígwè, na omimi nke ojiji dị omimi karị.
Enwere ike iji ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon mee ihe dị ka ọkpọkọ nke ọma, mkpara ndị na-aṅụ mmanya, tankị nchekwa, pipeline okpuru mmiri, decks, wdg na nyiwe ebe a na-egwupụta mmanụ. A na-ekewa usoro mmepụta ihe n'ime usoro pultrusion na usoro ikuku mmiri. A na-ejikarị pultrusion eme ihe na ọkpọkọ nkịtị na ọkpọkọ njikọ. A na-ejikarị usoro ikuku eme ihe dị ka elu nke tankị nchekwa na arịa nrụgide, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe na anisotropic ọkpọkọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke carbon fiber composite material na-emerụ ahụ ma na-edozi ya n'otu akụkụ dị n'akụkụ oyi akwa.
Mkpanaka sucker na-aga n'ihu nke ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon fiber bụ ihe owuwu rịbọn yiri ihe nkiri ma nwee ezigbo mgbanwe. United States mepụtara ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na 1990s. A na-eji eriri carbon mee ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka eriri na-agbasi ike na resin unsaturated dị ka ihe ndabere. A na-emepụta ya site na pultrusion usoro mgbe cross-linking gwọrọ na elu okpomọkụ. Site na 2001 ruo 2003, China ji mkpanaka carbon fiber sucker na mkpanaka igwe nkịtị n'ime mmanụ ọkụ dị ọcha iji mee onye na-anya ụgbọ elu. Ojiji nke carbon fiber sucker stick nwere ike ịbawanye mmepụta mmanụ nke ukwuu ma belata ibu nke moto, nke na-arụ ọrụ ike karị. Ọzọkwa, carbon fiber composite sucker stick bụ ihe na-eguzogide ike ọgwụgwụ na nguzogide corrosion karịa ígwè sucker, ma dabara adaba maka ngwa na mmepe nke ubi mmanụ subsea.
2.2 Ike ikuku Offshore
Oke ikuku ike ikuku na oke osimiri bụ mpaghara dị mkpa maka mmepe n'ọdịnihu na mpaghara kachasị elu na nke na-achọsi ike nke teknụzụ ike ikuku. Oke osimiri China dị ihe dịka 1800km ma enwere ihe karịrị agwaetiti 6,000. Mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na mpaghara agwaetiti nwere akụ ikuku ma dị mfe ịzụlite. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mgbalị ndị a na-eme iji kwalite mmepe nke ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ osimiri akwadowo ngalaba ndị dị mkpa. Ihe karịrị 90% nke ịdị arọ nke ike ikuku na-agụnye ihe ndị mejupụtara. Nnukwu ifufe dị n'oké osimiri na mmepụta ike dị elu ga-achọ ka agụba buru ibu yana ike na ịdịte aka ka mma. N'ụzọ doro anya, carbon fiber composite ihe nwere ike imezu ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ịmepụta nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ, dị arọ, arụ ọrụ dị elu, ike mmepụta ike dị ọnụ ala, ma dị mma maka ngwa mmiri karịa ihe ndị mejupụtara iko fiber.
Ihe mejupụtara fiber carbon nwere uru dị ukwuu na ike ikuku mmiri. The carbon fiber composite agụba nwere obere mma na elu siri ike, na modul bụ 3 ka 8 ugboro nke iko eriri ngwaahịa; iru mmiri dị ukwuu n'okpuru gburugburu mmiri mmiri, ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe, na fan na-arụ ọrụ maka awa 24. Akara ahụ nwere ezigbo ike ọgwụgwụ ma nwee ike iguzogide ihu igwe ọjọọ. Ọ na-eme ka arụmọrụ ikuku nke agụba ahụ dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata ibu dị na ụlọ elu na axle, nke mere na ike mmepụta nke fan ahụ dị nro ma na-edozi ahụ, na-eme ka ike ike dịkwuo mma. Omume na-eduzi, site na nhazi nhazi pụrụ iche, nwere ike izere mmebi nke ọkụ ọkụ na-akpata na agụba; belata mmepụta na njem ụgbọ njem nke ikuku turbine agụba; ma nwee njirimara damping vibration.
3.Marine engineering ngwa
A na-eji ihe mejupụtara fiber carbon eme ihe n'ụlọ injinia mmiri. Ha na-ejikarị njirimara nke ịdị arọ dị arọ, ike dị elu na nguzogide corrosion, na-eji dochie ihe eji ewu ụlọ nchara omenala n'ụdị akwara na akụkụ nhazi iji dozie nsogbu nke nnukwu njem ụgbọ njem nke nchara na njem ụgbọ mmiri. A na-etinye ya n'ọrụ na ụlọ ndị dị n'ụsọ mmiri nke agwaetiti, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ikpo okwu na-ese n'elu mmiri, ụlọ elu ọkụ, wdg. Ojiji nke carbon fiber composites maka mweghachi injinịa malitere na 1980s, na Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation nke Japan butere ụzọ n'ịchọpụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nke carbon fiber composites na ngwa ha na-emesi ike nke injinịa. Nchọpụta mbụ lekwasịrị anya bụ n'ịkwalite ogwe osisi agbasiri ike site na iji ihe mejupụtara carbon fiber, bụ nke mechara bụrụ nkwalite na nkwado nke injinia obodo dị iche iche. Nrụzi nke ikpo okwu mmanụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke carbon fiber composites bụ naanị otu akụkụ nke ngwa ya. Enwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị metụtara ya. Ọ dị mma ịkọwa na ụlọ ọrụ US DFI jiri mkpanaka carbon fiber rụkwaa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Navy Pearl Harbor. N'oge ahụ, ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-eji eriri carbon fiber ọhụrụ rụkwaa nkwado ahụ. Ụgbọ okporo ígwè carbon fiber rụziri ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike iguzogide ígwè 9t site na elu 2.5m. Ọ na-adapụ n'emeghị ka ọ ghara imebi ya, mmetụta nkwalite ahụ pụtara ìhè.
N'ihe gbasara ntinye nke carbon fiber composites na injinia mmiri, e nwekwara ụdị nrụzi na nkwado nke pipeline okpuru mmiri ma ọ bụ ogidi. Ụzọ nlekọta ọdịnala dị ka ịgbado ọkụ, nkwalite weld, clamps, grouting, wdg nwere oke nke ha, na iji usoro ndị a emechibidoro na gburugburu mmiri. Nrụzi nke carbon fiber composites bụ tumadi mere nke elu-ike na elu-nrapado resin ihe dị ka carbon eriri ákwà na epoxy resin, nke na-arapara n'ahụ na-arụzi n'elu, otú ọ dị mkpa na ìhè, elu-ike, mma na anwụ ngwa ngwa, adaba na-ewu, na-emegharị na dị iche iche shapes. Nwere uru dị ịrịba ama.
Oge nzipu: Mar-23-2019