Carbon fiber composite material ndeye fiber yakasimbiswa zvinhu yakagadzirwa nekabhoni fiber uye resin, simbi, ceramics uye mamwe matrix. Nekuda kwehuremu hwayo huremu, kusimba kwepamusoro, kushomeka kwekushisa kwepamusoro, nezvimwewo, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumhepo, mitambo nekuzorora, njanji inomhanya kwazvo mumakore achangopfuura. Muminda yemotokari uye civil engineering. Carbon fiber composite zvinhu zvine yakanakisa kuneta kuramba, corrosion kuramba uye kuita kwakanakisa kwekuvaka nekuda kwesimba rakawanda uye simba rakawanda, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvemugungwa zvikumbiro zvine zvakakosha pazvivakwa zvenyama. watch for. Mumakore achangopfuura, kabhoni fiber composites yakaita basa rakawedzera kukosha mukuvaka ngarava, kusimudzira simba rekumahombekombe, uye kugadzirisa kweinjiniya yemugungwa.
1.Kushandisa pabhodhi
Carbon fiber composites ine mukana wechisikigo pane zvechinyakare zvekuvaka ngarava. Chekutanga, kabhoni faibha macomposites ane yakanaka mechanical zvivakwa. Iyo hull inogadzirwa nemaitiro ehuremu huremu uye yakaderera kushandiswa kwemafuta, uye nzira yekuvaka iri nyore, kutenderera ipfupi, uye kuumbwa kwacho kuri nyore, saka mutengo wekuvaka nekugadzirisa wakaderera zvakanyanya pane wechikepe chesimbi. Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvo iyo interface pakati pekabhoni fiber uye resin matrix inogona kudzivirira kupararira kwekuputika, iyo nyaya ine yakanaka kuneta kuramba; uyezve, nekuda kwekemikari inertness yekabhoni fiber pamusoro, hull ine hunhu hwekuti zvisikwa zvemumvura zvakaoma kune epiphytic uye corrosion resistant, inovawo chikepe chekuvaka. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza zvinhu. Naizvozvo, kabhoni faibha inoumba zvinhu zvine yakasarudzika yakasarudzika mabhenefiti ekuita mukuvaka ngarava, uye ikozvino yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mundima iyi. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusimudzira kweiyo carbon fiber indasitiri yakasimudzirwa kubva pakuwedzera kwemunda wekushandisa.
1.1 Zvikepe zvehondo
Carbon fiber composites ine yakanaka acoustic, magineti uye emagetsi zvivakwa: zviri pachena, zvinonzwika-inopindika uye kwete magineti, saka anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kuita kwakavanzika kwezvikepe zvehondo. Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa muhukuru hwechikepe hakungodzikisi huremu hwechikepe chete, asi zvakare kutapurirana uye kugashira mafungu emagetsi panguva yakafanotemerwa nekudzivirira frequency yakasarudzwa yakanyudzwa mukati meiyo interlayer kudzivirira radar yemagetsi mafungu emuvengi. . Semuenzaniso, "skjold" class cruiser yakavakwa neNorwegian Navy muna 1999 yakashandisa sandwich composite inosanganisira polyvinyl chloride foam core layer, girazi fiber uye carbon fiber interlayer. Iyi dhizaini haingonatsiridza simba-ku-huremu reshiyo, asi zvakare ine yakanaka kukanganisa kupikisa. Kuita kwacho kunowedzera zvakanyanya hunhu hweyakaderera magineti, anti-infrared uye anti-radar scanning. MaSwedish Visby-class frigates, ayo akatumirwa muna 2000, ese anoshandisa kabhoni fiber composite zvinhu, zvine mabasa akakosha ekudzikisa huremu, radar uye infrared kaviri kuba.
Kushandiswa kwekabhoni faibha yakasimbiswa masts mungarava kwave kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma. Ngarava yeLPD-17, iyo yakagadzwa muUnited States muna 2006, inoshandisa carbon fiber/Balsa core advanced composite composite mast. Kusiyana neyekutanga yakavhurika mast, iyo LPD-17 inoshandisa nyowani yakavharirwa mast/sensing system nyowani. (AEM/S), chikamu chepamusoro cheiyi kabhoni fiber composite mast inovhara iyo frequency selective surface material (FSS), ichibvumira mafungu ane yakati wandei kuti apfuure, uye hafu yepasi inogona kuratidza masaisai eradar kana kunyudzwa nezvinhu zvinotora radar. . Naizvozvo, ine yakanaka radar stealth uye mabasa ekuona. Pamusoro pezvo, ma antenna akasiyana-siyana uye midziyo yakabatana inosanganiswa zvakafanana muchimiro, izvo zvisiri nyore kuomeswa, uye zvinonyanya kubatsira pakugadzirisa kwemidziyo. IEuropean Navy yakagadzira yakafanana yakavharwa-yakabatanidzwa sensor mast yakagadzirwa nanofiber-yakagadzirwa girazi fiber yakasanganiswa nekabhoni fiber sekusimbisa. Iyo inobvumira akasiyana radar matanda uye masaini ekutaurirana kuti apfuure asina kukanganiswa nemumwe, uye kurasikirwa kwakadzikira. Muna 2006, iyi yepamusoro tekinoroji mast ATM yakashandiswa paBritish Navy's "Royal Ark" inotakura ndege.
Carbon fiber composites inogonawo kushandiswa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvechikepe. Semuyenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa sepropeller uye propulsion shafting system mupropulsion system kudzikisira kuzunguzika mhedzisiro uye ruzha rwehull, uye inonyanya kushandiswa mungarava dzekucherekedza uye nekukurumidza cruise ngarava. Inogona kushandiswa sechidzoreso mumichina nemidziyo, mamwe akakosha emuchina michina uye pombi masisitimu. Pamusoro pezvo, tambo dzekabhoni dzakasimba kwazvo dzinoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumatambo ehondo dzehondo uye zvimwe zvinhu zvehondo.
1.2 Zvikepe zvehurumende
Mahombe mayacht anowanzo kuve ega uye anodhura, anoda huremu huremu, simba repamusoro uye kusimba. Carbon fiber composites inogona kushandiswa mumayachts 'chiridzwa dials uye antennas, rudders, uye mune yakasimbiswa zvivakwa senge madhiki, makabhini, uye mikuru yengarava. Yechinyakare composite yacht inonyanya kugadzirwa neFRP, asi nekuda kwekusasimba kwakaringana, iyo hull inowanzoremerwa mushure mekusangana neiyo rigidity dhizaini zvinodiwa, uye girazi fiber icarcinogen, iyo inorambidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kunze kwenyika. Huwandu hwekabhoni faibha composites inoshandiswa mumayacht akaumbwa emazuva ano hwawedzera zvakanyanya, uye vamwe vakatoshandisa kabhoni fiber composites. Semuyenzaniso, Baltic's super-yacht "Panama" double-barge, hull and deck zvakaiswa sandwich ne carbon fiber / epoxy resin ganda, Nomex huchi uye Corecell TM structural furo core, hull yakareba 60m kureba. Asi huremu hwese hungori 210t. The Sunreef 80 Levante, carbon fiber catamaran yakavakwa nePolish catamaran's Sunreef Yachts, inoshandisa vinyl ester resin sandwich composite, PVC foam uye carbon fiber composite. Iwo mast booms itsika kabhoni fiber kompositi, uye chikamu chete chehull chinoshandisa FRP. . Huremu husina-mutoro i45t chete. Kukurumidza kumhanya, kuderera kwemafuta uye kuita kwakanakisa.
Iyo "Zhongke · Lianya" yacht yakavakwa muna 2014 ndiyo yega yacht yakazara kabhoni fiber muChina. Iyo yacht yakasvibirira yakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa wecarbon fiber uye epoxy resin. Iyo yakareruka makumi matatu muzana pane imwecheteyo mhando yefiberglass yacht uye ine simba repamusoro, kukurumidza kumhanya uye kuderera kwemafuta.
Pamusoro pezvo, tambo netambo dzeyacht dzinoshandisa tambo dzekabhoni dzakasimba zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa. Sezvo iyo kabhoni faibha iine tensile modulus yakakwira kupfuura iyo yesimbi uye kusimba kwesimba kakati wandei kana kunyange makumi enguva, uye iine yakarukwa midziyo yefiber, iyo kabhoni fiber tambo inoshandiswa sehwaro zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kugadzira tambo yesimbi tambo uye organic polymer tambo. Insufficient.z
2. Kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimba remugungwa
2.1 Submarine oiri uye gasi minda
Mumakore achangopfuura, carbon fiber composite zvinhu zvave kuwedzera uye zvakanyanya kushandiswa mumunda wemafuta emugungwa uye gasi kukura. Corrosion munharaunda yegungwa, shear yakakwirira, uye kugera kwakasimba kunokonzerwa nekuyerera kwemvura pasi pemvura kunoisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba pakusaita ngura, simba uye kuneta kwemidziyo. Carbon fiber composites ine mabhenefiti aripachena muchiedza, chinogara uye chinopesana nekuora mukusimudzira minda yemafuta ekumahombekombe: nzvimbo yekuchera yakadzika 1500m yemvura ine tambo yesimbi ine huremu hunosvika 6500t, ukuwo kabhoni fiber composite density isimbi yakajairika. 1/4, kana iyo carbon fiber composite material inoshandiswa kutsiva chikamu chesimbi, simba rekutakura repuratifomu yekuchera richaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye mari yekuvaka yepuratifomu ichaponeswa. Iko kudzokororwa kwekufamba kwetsvimbo yekuyamwa kunotungamira kune kuneta kwezvinhu nekuda kwekusagadzikana kudzvinyirira pakati pemvura yegungwa nekumanikidza mukati mechubhu. Kupwanya, uye kushandisa kabhoni fiber composite zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri; nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemararamiro emvura yegungwa, hupenyu hwayo hwebasa mumvura yegungwa hwakareba kupfuura simbi, uye kudzika kwekushandisa kwakadzika.
Carbon fiber composites inogona kushandiswa sekugadzira mutsime pombi, sucker rods, matangi ekuchengetera, mapaipi epasi pemvura, decks, nezvimwewo mumapuratifomu ekuchera mafuta. Iyo nzira yekugadzira yakakamurwa kuita pultrusion process uye yekunyorova mhepo. Pultrusion inowanzoshandiswa pamapombi akajairwa uye pombi dzinobatanidza. Iyo nzira yekumonera inowanzo shandiswa sepamusoro petangi yekuchengetera uye yekumanikidza ngarava, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa mune anisotropic inochinjika pombi umo iyo kabhoni fiber composite zvinhu inokuvadzwa uye yakarongwa pane yakatarwa kona mune yezvombo layer.
Iyo inoenderera inoyamwa tsvimbo yekabhoni faibha inoumbwa zvinhu iribhoni-yakafanana chimiro chakafanana nefirimu uye ine yakanaka kuchinjika. Yakagadzirwa uye yakashandiswa neUnited States muma1990s. Yakagadzirwa nekabhoni fiber seinosimbisa fiber uye unsaturated resin sechinhu chakadzika. Iyo inogadzirwa ne pultrusion process mushure mekuyambuka-inobatanidza kurapwa pakupisa kwakanyanya. Kubva 2001 kusvika 2003, China yakashandisa kabhoni faibha sucker tsvimbo uye yakajairwa simbi yekuyamwa tsvimbo mumunda wemafuta webeam kuita mutyairi. Kushandiswa kwekabhoni fiber sucker tsvimbo kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kubuda kwemafuta uye kuderedza mutoro wemota, iyo inowedzera simba. Zvakare, iyo kabhoni fiber inoumba sucker tsvimbo inoshingirira kuneta uye kushora kuramba pane simbi inoyamwa tsvimbo, uye inonyanya kukodzera kushandiswa mukusimudzira minda yemafuta epasi pegungwa.
2.2 Offshore mhepo simba
Iyo yakawanda simba remhepo zviwanikwa pagungwa inzvimbo yakakosha yekuvandudza mune ramangwana uye yakanyanya kumberi uye inodiwa munda wemagetsi emagetsi tekinoroji. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa yeChina inosvika 1800km uye kune zvitsuwa zvinopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu. Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwemahombekombe uye nzvimbo dzezvitsuwa dzakapfuma mumhepo zviwanikwa uye zviri nyore kusimudzira. Mumakore achangopfuura, kuedza kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwesimba remhepo kubva kumahombekombe kwakatsigirwa nemadhipatimendi akakodzera. Inodarika 90% yehuremu hwemagetsi emhepo ine zvinhu zvakaumbwa. Mhepo huru mugungwa uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kukuru kunosungirwa kuda mashizha akakura uye simba rakananga uye kusimba kuri nani. Zviripachena, carbon fiber composite zvinhu zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira yakakura-yakakura, yakareruka, yepamusoro-inoshanda, yakaderera-mutengo wakaderera magetsi ekugadzira mablades, uye akakodzera zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemugungwa pane girazi fiber composite zvinhu.
Carbon fiber composites ine zvakakosha zvakanakira mugungwa remhepo kugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Iyo carbon fiber composite blade ine yakaderera yemhando uye yakakwirira kuomarara, uye modulus ndeye 3 kusvika 8 nguva iyo yegirazi fiber chigadzirwa; hunyoro hwakakura pasi pemhoteredzo yegungwa, mamiriro ekunze anoshanduka, uye feni inoshanda kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Iyo blade ine yakanaka kuneta kuramba uye inogona kuramba mamiriro ekunze akaipa. Iyo inovandudza kuita kweaerodynamic yeblade uye inoderedza mutoro pashongwe uye axle, kuitira kuti simba rekubuda re fan rive rakapfava uye rakaenzana, uye kushanda kwesimba kunovandudzwa. Iyo conductive performance, kuburikidza neakakosha dhizaini dhizaini, inogona kunyatso kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemheni inorova pablade; kuderedza mari yekugadzira uye yekufambisa yemhepo turbine blade; uye vane vibration damping maitiro.
3.Marine engineering applications
Carbon fiber composite zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumakungwa engineering zvivakwa. Ivo vanonyanya kushandisa hunhu hwehuremu huremu, kusimba kwepamusoro uye kusagadzikana kwekuora, uye kutsiva zvechinyakare simbi zvekuvakisa muchimiro chematendo uye zvikamu zvechimiro kugadzirisa dambudziko repamusoro mutengo wekufambisa wesimbi yekukukurwa kwemvura yegungwa uye chekufambisa. Yakashandiswa kune zvivakwa zvemahombekombe echitsuwa chezviwi, zvikepe, mapuratifomu anoyangarara, shongwe dzakareruka, nezvimwewo. Kushandiswa kwekabhoni fiber composites yekudzoreredza engineering kwakatanga muma1980s, uye Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation yekuJapan yakatungamira mukutsvagisa michina yekabhoni fiber composites uye kushandiswa kwavo mukusimbisa engineering. Yekutanga tsvakiridzo yakanangana nekusimbiswa kwematanda ekongiri akasimbiswa achishandisa kabhoni fiber composites, iyo yakazoshanduka kuita yekusimbisa uye kusimbaradza kwakasiyana mainjiniya ehurumende. Kugadziriswa kwemapuratifomu emafuta ekumahombekombe uye zviteshi nekabhoni fiber composites ingori chikamu chekushandiswa kwayo. Kune akawanda magwaro ane hukama. Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti iyo US DFI kambani yakashandisa kabhoni fiber tsvimbo kugadzirisa iyo Navy Pearl Harbor terminal. Panguva iyoyo, ma technicians akashandisa innovative carbon fiber rods kugadzirisa iyo yekusimbisa. Iyo kabhoni fiber tsvimbo yakagadziridzwa dock inogona kumira 9t simbi kubva 2.5m kumusoro. Inodonha isina kukuvadzwa, uye mhedzisiro yekusimudzira iri pachena.
Kana zviri zvekushandiswa kwekabhoni fiber composites muinjiniya yegungwa, kune zvakare rudzi rwekugadzirisa uye kusimbiswa kwemapombi epasi pemvura kana makoramu. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuchengetedza dzakadai sewelding, weld improvement, clamps, grouting, nezvimwewo zvine zvazvisingakwanisi, uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro aya kunorambidzwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo yegungwa. Kugadziriswa kwekabhoni fiber composites inonyanya kugadzirwa nepamusoro-simba uye yakakwirira-adhesive resin zvinhu zvakadai se carbon fiber cloth uye epoxy resin, iyo inonamatira pakugadzirisa pamusoro pekugadzirisa, saka itete uye yakareruka, yakasimba-yakasimba, yakanaka mukugara kwenguva refu, iri nyore mukuvaka, uye inogadziriswa kune zvakasiyana-siyana maumbirwo. Iine zvakakosha zvakakosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-23-2019