I-Carbon fiber composite material yifiber eyomeleziweyo eyenziwe nge-carbon fiber kunye ne-resin, isinyithi, i-ceramics kunye nenye i-matrix. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obulula, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, njl., isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace, ezemidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa, umzila wesitimela ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwiminyaka yamuva. Kwimimandla yeemoto kunye nobunjineli boluntu. Izixhobo zeCarbon fiber composite zinokumelana nokudinwa okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokwakhiwa ngenxa yamandla aphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu, okwenza ukuba ilungele izicelo zaselwandle ezineemfuno ezizodwa kwiipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo. khangela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-carbon fiber composites idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa, uphuhliso lwamandla olwandle, kunye nokulungiswa kobunjineli baselwandle.
1.Isicelo ebhodini
Imidibaniso yefayibha yekhabhoni inenzuzo yendalo ngaphezulu kwezixhobo zemveli zokwakha iinqanawa. Okokuqala, i-carbon fiber composites ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini. I-hull yenziwe ngeempawu zobunzima obulula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli ephantsi, kwaye inkqubo yokwakha ilula, umjikelezo umfutshane, kwaye ukubunjwa kukulungele, ngoko ke iindleko zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa ziphantsi kakhulu kunomkhumbi wentsimbi. Ngelo xesha, ekubeni i-interface phakathi kwe-carbon fiber kunye ne-resin matrix inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukusasazeka kwe-crack, izinto eziphathekayo zinokumelana nokukhathala okulungileyo; ukongeza, ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwemichiza ye-carbon fiber surface, i-hull ineempawu zokuba i-organism yasemanzini inzima kwi-epiphytic kunye ne-corrosion resistant, ekwalulwakhiwo lwenqanawa. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekukhetheni izixhobo. Ke ngoko, izinto ezihlanganisiweyo zekhabhoni zineenzuzo ezizodwa ezibanzi zokusebenza ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa, kwaye ngoku zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kule ntsimi. Ngelo xesha, ukuphuhliswa kweshishini le-carbon fiber liye lakhuthazwa ukusuka kwi-application field extension.
1.1 Iinqanawa zomkhosi
Imidibaniso yefayibha yekhabhoni ineepropathi ezilungileyo ze-acoustic, imagnethi kunye nombane: ziyabonakala, zingenasandi kwaye azinamagnetic, ngoko zinokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokufihlakeleyo kweenqanawa zemfazwe. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo kulwakhiwo oluphezulu lwenqanawa akunciphisi kuphela ubunzima benqanawa, kodwa ikwahambisa kwaye ifumane amaza ombane we-electromagnetic frequency exelwe kwangaphambili ngokukhusela umaleko okhethiweyo ofakwe kwi-interlayer ukukhusela amaza ombane eradar yotshaba. . Ngokomzekelo, i-"skjold" yeklasi ye-cruiser eyakhiwe nguNorwegian Navy ngo-1999 yasebenzisa isandwich composite equka i-polyvinyl chloride foam core layer, i-glass fiber kunye ne-carbon fiber interlayer. Olu luyilo aluphuculi kuphela umlinganiselo wamandla-kuya-ubunzima, kodwa lunokumelana nempembelelo elungileyo. Ukusebenza kwakhona kuphucula kakhulu iimpawu zemagnethi ephantsi, i-anti-infrared kunye ne-anti-radar scanning. Iifrigates zaseSweden ze-Visby-class, eziye zamiselwa kwi-2000, zonke zisebenzisa izinto ze-carbon fiber composite, ezinemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yokunciphisa ubunzima, i-radar kunye ne-infrared double stealth.
Ukusetyenziswa kweemasti zekhabhoni ezidityanisiweyo ezidityanisiweyo kwiinqanawa kuye kwavela ngokuthe ngcembe. Inqanawa ye-LPD-17, eyamiselwa e-United States ngo-2006, isebenzisa i-carbon fiber/Balsa core advanced composite composite mast. Ngokungafaniyo nemasti yantlandlolo evulekileyo, i-LPD-17 isebenzisa imasti/imvakalelo entsha evalwe ngokupheleleyo. (AEM / S), indawo ephezulu yale carbon fiber composite mast igubungela i-frequency selective surface material (FSS), ivumela amaza ane-frequency ethile ukuba adlule, kwaye isiqingatha esisezantsi sinokubonakalisa amaza e-radar okanye afunnwe yi-radar efunxa izinto. . Ke ngoko, inobuchwephesha obulungileyo be-radar kunye nemisebenzi yokufumanisa. Ukongezelela, ii-antenna ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezihambelanayo zidibene ngokufanayo kwisakhiwo, okungekho lula ukutshatyalaliswa, kwaye kukulungele ukugcinwa kwezixhobo. Umkhosi wamanzi waseYurophu uphuhlise i-sensor edibeneyo evaliweyo edibeneyo eyenziwe nge-nanofiber eyenziwe nge-glass fiber edityaniswe ne-carbon fiber njengento yokuqinisa. Ivumela imiqadi eyahlukeneyo yeradar kunye nemiqondiso yonxibelelwano ukuba idlule ingaphazanyiswa enye kwenye, kwaye ilahleko iphantsi kakhulu. Ngo-2006, le masti ye-ATM ephuculweyo yasetyenziswa kuMkhosi woMkhosi waseBritani ophethe inqwelo-moya ye "Royal Ark".
Iicomposites zekhabhoni zefiber zingasetyenziswa nakweminye imiba yenqanawa. Umzekelo, inokusetyenziswa njenge-propeller kunye ne-propulsion shafting system kwi-propulsion system yokunciphisa iziphumo zokungcangcazela kunye nengxolo ye-hull, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinqanawa zolwazi kunye neenqanawa zokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Ingasetyenziswa njengephini lokujika koomatshini kunye nezixhobo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo zombhobho. Ukongeza, iintambo zekhabhoni ezinamandla aphezulu zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintambo zomkhosi waselwandle kunye nezinye izinto zomkhosi.
1.2Izikhitshane zoluntu
Izikhephe ezinkulu zezabucala kwaye ziyabiza, zifuna ubunzima obulula, amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina. Imidibaniso yosinga lwekhabhoni ingasetyenziswa kwizikhephe zesixhobo sokudayela kunye nee-eriyali, iireda, nakwizakhiwo eziqinisiweyo ezifana nedekhi, iikhabhini, kunye neentloko zeenqanawa. I-yacht edibeneyo yemveli yenziwa ikakhulu nge-FRP, kodwa ngenxa yokungaqini ngokwaneleyo, i-hull isoloko inzima kakhulu emva kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo lobunzima, kwaye i-glass fiber yi-carcinogen, evalwa ngokuthe ngcembe kumazwe angaphandle. Umlinganiselo wekharbhon fibre composites ezisetyenziswa kwiiyacht zanamhlanje eziyintlanganisela unyuke kakhulu, kwaye abanye bade basebenzise imihlanganisela yekhabhoni yefibre. Umzekelo, i-yacht ephezulu ye-Baltic "i-Panama" i-double-barge, i-hull kunye ne-deck ihlanganiswe ne-carbon fiber / epoxy resin isikhumba, i-Nomex i-honeycomb kunye ne-Corecell TM yesakhiwo se-foam core, i-hull yi-60m ubude. Kodwa ubunzima bubonke ngama-210t kuphela. I-Sunreef 80 Levante, i-carbon fiber catamaran eyakhiwe yi-Polish catamaran's Sunreef Yachts, isebenzisa i-vinyl ester resin sandwich compotes, i-PVC foam kunye ne-carbon fiber composite. I-mast booms yi-carbon fiber composites, kwaye inxalenye ye-hull isebenzisa i-FRP. . Ubunzima obungenamthwalo bungama-45t kuphela. Isantya esikhawulezayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha aphantsi kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo.
Isikhephe se “Zhongke·Lianya” esakhiwe ngo-2014 ngoku kuphela kweyacht yefayibha yekhabhoni epheleleyo eTshayina. Yiyacht eluhlaza eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwe-carbon fiber kunye ne-epoxy resin. Ikhaphukhaphu ngama-30% kunohlobo olufanayo lweyacht yefiberglass kwaye inamandla aphezulu, isantya esikhawulezayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha aphantsi.
Ukongeza, iintambo ze-yacht kunye neentambo zisebenzisa iintambo ze-carbon fiber ezomeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Kuba i-carbon fiber ine-tensile modulus ephezulu kuneyo yentsimbi kunye namandla aqinile amatyeli aliqela okanye amashumi amaxesha, kwaye inepropathi elukiweyo yefiber, intambo ye-carbon fibre isetyenziswa njengesiseko semathiriyeli, enokwenza intambo yentsimbi yentsimbi kunye nentambo ye-organic polymer. Anelanga.z
2. Ukusetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwamandla olwandle
2.1 Imimandla yeoli kunye negesi entywila emanzini
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto ezidibeneyo ze-carbon fiber ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi ye-oyile yolwandle kunye nophuhliso lwegesi. Ukonakala kwimekobume yaselwandle, ukucheba okuphezulu, kunye nokucheba okunamandla okubangelwa kukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphantsi kwamanzi kubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo ekuxhathiseni umhlwa, amandla kunye neempawu zokudinwa kwemathiriyeli. Iicomposites zeCarbon fiber zineengenelo ezicacileyo ekukhanyeni, ezomeleleyo kunye nokuchasana nokubola kuphuhliso lwamasimi e-oyile aphesheya konxweme: iqonga lokugrumba ubunzulu bamanzi obuyi-1500m linentambo yentsimbi enobunzima obumalunga ne-6500t, ngelixa ingxinano ye-carbon fibre composite iyintsimbi eqhelekileyo. I-1/4, ukuba i-carbon fiber composite material isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha inxalenye yentsimbi, umthamo womthwalo weqonga lokugaya uya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zokwakha zeqonga ziya kugcinwa. Intshukumo yokubuyisela intonga yokufunxa iya kukhokelela ngokulula ekudinweni kwezinto ngenxa yoxinzelelo olungalinganiyo phakathi kwamanzi olwandle kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwityhubhu. Ukuqhawula, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-carbon fiber composite material kunokusombulula le ngxaki; ngenxa yokunganyangeki kokusingqongileyo kwamanzi olwandle, ubomi benkonzo kumanzi olwandle bude kunentsimbi, kwaye ubunzulu bokusetyenziswa bunzulu.
Imidibaniso yosinga lwekhabhoni ingasetyenziswa njengemibhobho yemveliso yequla, iintonga zokufunxa, iitanki zokugcina, imibhobho yenkwili, idekhi, njl. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ihlulwe ibe yinkqubo ye-pultrusion kunye nenkqubo yomoya omanzi. I-pultrusion isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho eqhelekileyo kunye nemibhobho yokudibanisa. Indlela yokujija isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendawo yokugcina itanki kunye nesitya soxinzelelo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kumbhobho oguquguqukayo we-anisotropic apho i-carbon fiber composite material inxeba kwaye ihlelwe kwi-engile ethile kwi-armor layer.
Intonga ye-sucker eqhubekayo ye-carbon fiber composite i-ribbon-efana nesakhiwo esifana nefilimu kwaye sinokuguquguquka okulungileyo. Iveliswe kwaye yasetyenziswa yi-United States kwiminyaka yoo-1990. Yenziwe nge-carbon fiber njenge-fiber yokuqinisa kunye ne-resin engaxutywanga njengesiseko semathiriyeli. Iveliswa yinkqubo ye-pultrusion emva kokunyanga kwe-cross-linking kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukususela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2003, i-China yasebenzisa intonga yokufunxa i-carbon fiber kunye nentonga eqhelekileyo yokufunxa intsimbi kwintsimi ye-oyile ecocekileyo ukwenza umqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbon fiber sucker rod kunokunyusa kakhulu ukuphuma kweoli kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo we-motor, osebenza ngamandla ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, i-carbon fiber composite sucker rod iyakwazi ukumelana nokudinwa kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kunentsimbi yokufunxa intsimbi, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwamasimi e-oyile engaphantsi kolwandle.
2.2 Amandla omoya angaphesheya kolwandle
Ubuninzi bemithombo yobutyebi bamandla omoya elwandle yindawo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye neyona ndawo iphambili kunye nedinga intsimi yobuchwephesha bamandla omoya. Unxweme lwaseTshayina lumalunga ne-1800km kwaye kukho iziqithi ezingaphezu kwama-6,000. Unxweme olusemzantsi-mpuma kunye nemimandla yesiqithi zizityebi kwimithombo yomoya kwaye kulula ukuyiphuhlisa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinzame zokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla omoya ovela kude nonxweme ziye zaxhaswa ngamasebe afanelekileyo. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yobunzima bamagqabi ombane omoya buqulathe imathiriyeli edibeneyo. Imimoya emikhulu elwandle kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla aphezulu kunyanzelekile ukuba kufuneke amaphiko amakhulu kunye namandla athile angcono kunye nokuqina. Ngokucacileyo, izinto ezidibeneyo zekhabhoni zekhabhoni zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuphuhlisa ubungakanani obukhulu, obulula, obuphezulu, obunexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye zifaneleke ngakumbi usetyenziso lwaselwandle kunezixhobo zeglasi.
Imidibaniso yosinga lwekhabhoni ineengenelo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso yamandla omoya waselwandle. I-carbon fiber composite blade inomgangatho ophantsi kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, kwaye i-modulus yi-3 kumaxesha e-8 yemveliso yefiber yeglasi; ukufuma kukhulu phantsi kwemekobume yaselwandle, imozulu iyatshintsha, kwaye ifeni isebenza iiyure ezingama-24. I-blade inokumelana nokudinwa okuhle kwaye inokumelana nemozulu embi. Iphucula ukusebenza kwe-aerodynamic ye-blade kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo kwinqaba kunye ne-axle, ukwenzela ukuba amandla okukhutshwa kwe-fan aphephe kwaye alungelelanise ngakumbi, kunye nokusebenza kwamandla kuphuculwe. Ukusebenza kwe-conductive, ngoyilo olukhethekileyo lwesakhiwo, kunokuphepha ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo obangelwa ukubetha kombane kwi-blade; ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kunye neendleko zothutho lweblade yeinjini yomoya; kwaye ube neempawu zokudambisa ukungcangcazela.
3.Izicelo zobunjineli baselwandle
Izixhobo zekhabhoni zefiber composite zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zobunjineli zaselwandle. Ubukhulu becala basebenzisa iimpawu zobunzima bokukhanya, amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, kwaye bathathe indawo yezixhobo zokwakha zentsimbi zemveli ngendlela yeetendon kunye neengxenye zesakhiwo ukusombulula ingxaki yeendleko eziphezulu zothutho lwentsimbi yokukhukuliseka kwamanzi olwandle kunye nokuthutha. Isetyenziswe kwizakhiwo zesiqithi ezinxweme, iidocks, amaqonga adadayo, iinqaba ezikhanyayo, njl njl. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbon fiber composites yokubuyisela ubunjineli kwaqala ngo-1980, kwaye i-Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation yaseJapan yathatha ukhokelo kuphando lweempawu zemishini ye-carbon fiber composite kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwi-engineering reinforcement. Ugqaliselo lophando lokuqala lwalusekomelezeni imiqadi yekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo kusetyenziswa imidibaniso ye-carbon fiber, eyathi kamva yavela ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni ubunjineli boluntu obahlukeneyo. Ukulungiswa kwamaqonga e-oyile e-offshore kunye namachweba ngamacandelo e-carbon fiber yinkalo enye kuphela yesicelo sayo. Maninzi amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba inkampani yase-US DFI yasebenzisa i-carbon fiber rods ukulungisa i-terminal ye-Navy Pearl Harbor. Ngelo xesha, amagcisa asebenzisa iintonga zekhabhoni zefiber ezintsha ukulungisa ukuqiniswa. Idokhi ye-carbon fibre elungisiweyo inokumelana ne-9t yentsimbi ukusuka kwi-2.5m ukuphakama. Iyawa ingonakaliswa, kwaye umphumo wokuphucula uyabonakala.
Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbon fiber composites kubunjineli baselwandle, kukho kwakhona uhlobo lokulungiswa kunye nokuqiniswa kwemibhobho ye-submarine okanye iikholomu. Iindlela zokugcinwa kwemveli ezifana ne-welding, ukuphuculwa kwe-weld, i-clamps, i-grouting, njl. Ukulungiswa kwe-carbon fiber composites yenziwe ngokukodwa ngezinto eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kunye ne-high-adhesive resin ezifana ne-carbon fiber cloth kunye ne-epoxy resin, ezithotyelwe kwindawo yokulungisa, ngoko incinci kwaye ilula, inamandla aphezulu, ilungile kwisigxina, ilula ekwakhiweni, kwaye iguquguqukayo kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo. Inenzuzo ebalulekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2019