Carbon fiber inorganic polymer fiber inorganic zvinhu zvitsva zvine kabhoni zviri pamusoro pe95%, ine yakaderera density, yakakwirira simba, yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, yakanyanya kugadzikana kemikari, anti-kuneta, kusapfeka-inopukuta uye zvimwe zvakanakisa zvekutanga zvemuviri nemakemikari zvivakwa, uye ine yakanyanya vibration attenuation, yakanaka conductive thermal conductivity, electromagnetic shielding kuita uye kuderera kwekuwedzera kwekupisa uye humwe hunhu. Izvi zvakanaka zvivakwa zvinoita kuti kabhoni faibha ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumhepo, njanji, kugadzira mota, zvombo nemidziyo, michina yekuvaka, kuvaka zvivakwa, marine engineering, petroleum engineering, simba remhepo, zvinhu zvemitambo nezvimwe minda.
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nenyika zvekabhoni fiber zvinhu, China yakanyora seimwe yeakakosha matekinoroji emaindasitiri ari kusimukira akatarisana nerutsigiro. Munyika "Gumi neVashanu" Sainzi uye kuronga tekinoroji, kugadzirira uye kushandisa tekinoroji yemhando yepamusoro kabhoni fiber ndeimwe yeakakosha matekinoroji emaindasitiri ari kusimukira anotsigirwa nehurumende. Chivabvu 2015, iyo State Council yakaburitswa zviri pamutemo "Made in China 2025", iyo mitsva mitsva seimwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekusimudzira uye kusimudzira, kusanganisira yakakwirira-inoshanda zvimiro zvemukati, epamberi composites ndiyo inotarisa kusimudzira mumunda wezvigadzirwa zvitsva. Muna Gumiguru 2015, Bazi reIndasitiri uye Ruzivo Indasitiri yakabudisa zviri pamutemo "China Manufacturing 2025 key Areas Technology Roadmap", "high-performance fiber uye macomposites ayo" sechinhu chinokosha chekugadzirisa zvinhu, chinangwa che2020 "chemukati kabhoni fiber composites kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvendege huru uye zvimwe midziyo yakakosha." Mbudzi 2016, State Council yakapa "Gumi Nematatu" National Strategic Emerging Industries Development hurongwa, yakanyatsoratidza kusimbisa itsva zvinhu indasitiri kumusoro uye zasi kwekubatana rutsigiro, mune kabhoni faibha composites uye mamwe minda kuita mubatanidzwa chikumbiro mutyairi kuratidzwa, kuvaka mubatanidzwa chikumbiro chikuva. Muna Ndira 2017, Bazi reIndasitiri neBudiriro, NDRC, sainzi uye tekinoroji, uye Bazi reMari vakabatana vakagadzira "Nhungamiro yekuvandudza maindasitiri matsva ezvigadzirwa", uye vakakurudzira kuti kubva muna 2020, "mune carbon fiber composites, yepamusoro-mhando simbi yakakosha, advanced light alloy materials uye mamwe minda kuti iwane zvinopfuura makumi manomwe emakumi manomwe ehurongwa hwekusimudzira hurongwa hunoenderana nehurongwa hwekusimudzira maindasitiri eChina uye hurongwa hutsva hwekusimudzira hurongwa hunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo mitsva yekugadzira maindasitiri." new materials industry.
Nekuti kabhoni faibha nemacomposites ayo anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira kwenyika uye raramo yeVanhu, nyanzvi zhinji dzinotarisa pakukura kwavo nekuongorora maitiro ekutsvagisa. Dr. Zhou Hong akaongorora mipiro yesainzi uye tekinoroji yakaitwa nemasayendisiti eAmerica mukutanga kwekugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro kabhoni fiber tekinoroji, uye akaongorora uye akashuma nezve gumi nematanhatu maapplication uye ichangoburwa tekinoroji yekabhoni fiber, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira, zvivakwa uye kushandiswa kwepolyacrylonitrile kabhoni faibha uye yayo ikozvino tekinoroji budiriro yakadzokororwa mune mamwe mazano ekuvaka ekare akaongororwa naDr. mukugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber muChina. Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vazhinji vakaita tsvakiridzo pakuongorora kwemetrology yemapepa uye patent mumunda wekabhoni fiber uye macomposites ayo. Semuenzaniso, Ma Xianglin nevamwe kubva pakuona kwemetrology kubva ku1998-2017 carbon fiber patent kugovera uye kushandiswa kwemunda wekuongorora; Yang Sisi nevamwe vakavakirwa papuratifomu yepasi rose kabhoni fiber jira patent yekutsvaga uye data statistics, kubva pagore rekuvandudza maitiro ematendi, patentees, Iyo patent tekinoroji hotspot uye yakakosha patent yehunyanzvi inoongororwa.
Kubva pakuona kwekabhoni faibha tsvakurudzo uye kukura trajectory, tsvakurudzo yeChina inenge yakawiriraniswa nenyika, asi budiriro inononoka, yakakwirira-inoshanda kabhoni faibha kugadzirwa kwechiyero uye mhando zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzekunze dzine mukaha, pane kukurumidza kudiwa kukurumidzira iyo R & amp; d maitiro, kufambira mberi kwehurongwa hwekugadzirisa, tora ramangwana rekuvandudza indasitiri mukana. Naizvozvo, bepa rino rinotanga kuongorora marongero epurojekiti yenyika mundima yekabhoni fiber research, kuti tinzwisise kuronga kweR & amp; d nzira munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, uye chechipiri, nokuti tsvakurudzo yekutanga uye kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kwekabhoni fiber yakakosha zvikuru pakutsvakurudza kwehutano nekugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber, saka, Isu tinoitisa ongororo yemetrology kubva pamigumisiro yezvidzidzo zvedzidzo-SCI mapepa uye takashandisa tsvakurudzo yemigumisiro-pamatenti panguva imwe chete kuti tiwane kunzwisisa kwakakwana kweR & amp; d kufambira mberi mumunda wekabhoni faibha, uye kuongorora zvichangobva kuitika patsvagiridzo mundima iyi kuPeep International Frontier R & amp; d kufambira mberi. Chekupedzisira, zvichibva pane zvawanikwa pamusoro petsvagiridzo, mamwe mazano ekutsvaga uye nzira yekusimudzira mumunda wecarbon fiber muChina anoiswa pamberi.
2. Carbon fibertsvakiridzo purojekiti marongero enyika/matunhu makuru
Nyika huru dzekugadzira kabhoni fiber dzinosanganisira Japan, United States, South Korea, dzimwe nyika dzeEurope neTaiwan, China. Advanced tekinoroji nyika mukutanga danho rekuvandudza kabhoni fiber tekinoroji yaona kukosha kwechinhu ichi, yakaita hurongwa hwekugadzirisa, nekusimudzira nesimba kusimudzira kwecarbon fiber zvinhu.
2.1 Japan
Japan ndiyo nyika yakasimukira zvakanyanya kune kabhoni fiber tekinoroji. Iwo makambani matatu muToray, Bong uye Mitsubishi Liyang muJapan anotora chikamu chepasi rose 70% ~ 80% chikamu chemusika chekugadzira kabhoni fiber. Zvakadaro, Japan inokoshesa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza simba rayo mundima iyi, kunyanya kuvandudzwa kwepamusoro-inoshanda pan-based kabhoni fibers uye simba uye nharaunda-inoshamwaridzika matekinoroji, nerutsigiro rwakasimba rwevanhu nemari, uye mune akati wandei marongero akakosha, kusanganisira hurongwa hwesimba rekutanga, hurongwa hwekukura kwehupfumi uye Kyoto Protocol, Vaita chirongwa ichi chinofanirwa kunge chiri chepamusoro. Zvichienderana neiyo yakakosha simba renyika uye Environmental Policy, Ministry of Economy, indasitiri uye zvivakwa zveJapan yakaisa pamberi "Energy saving technology research and Development Program". Ichitsigirwa nemutemo wepamusoro, indasitiri yekabhoni yeJapan kabhoni yakakwanisa kunyatsoisa pakati pese zviwanikwa uye kusimudzira mhinduro yezvinetso zvakajairika muindasitiri yecarbon fiber.
"Kuvandudza tekinoroji senge zvinhu zvitsva zvezvimiro" (2013-2022) ipurojekiti yakaitwa pasi pe "Future Development research project" muJapan kuti ibudirire zvakanyanya kuvandudza tekinoroji inodiwa yezvigadzirwa zvemichina uye kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana, nechinangwa chikuru chekudzikisa huremu (hafu yehuremu hwemotokari) yenzira dzekutakura. Uye pakupedzisira ziva kushanda kwayo kunoshanda. Mushure mekutora basa rekutsvagisa nekusimudzira mu2014, iyo Industrial Technology Development Agency (NEDO) yakagadzira akati wandei mapurojekiti umo zvinangwa zvakazara zvekabhoni Fiber research project "Innovative carbon fiber basic research and development" yaive: kugadzira kabhoni fiber precursor compounds; kujekesa nzira yekugadzira ye carbonization zvimiro; uye kugadzira uye kuenzanisa kabhoni fiber yekuongorora nzira. Chirongwa ichi, chinotungamirwa neYunivhesiti yeTokyo uye chakabatana chinosanganisira Institute of Industrial Technology (NEDO), Toray, Teijin, Dongyuan, uye Mitsubishi Liyang, chafambira mberi zvakanyanya muna Ndira 2016 uye chimwe chiitiko chikuru mumunda wepan-based carbon fiber zvichitevera kugadzirwa kwe "Kondo mode" muJapan muna 1959.
2.2 United States
Sangano reUS Defence pre-research Agency (DARPA) rakatanga chirongwa cheAdvanced Structural Fiber muna 2006 nechinangwa chekuunza pamwechete simba renyika rekutsvaga resainzi kuti rigadzirise chizvarwa chinotevera mafiber fibers anobva pacarbon fibers. Ichitsigirwa neprojekti iyi, timu yekutsvagisa yeGeorgia Institute of Technology muUnited States yakatyora tekinoroji yekugadzira waya muna 2015, ichiwedzera elastic modulus yayo ne30%, ichimaka United States nebudiriro yechizvarwa chechitatu checarbon fiber.
Muna 2014, Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUnited States (DOE) rakazivisa rubatsiro rwemamiriyoni gumi nemazana matatu emadhora kumapurojekiti maviri pa "multi-step catalytic process yekushandurwa kweshuga isingadyike yebiomass kuita acrylonitrile" uye "tsvagiridzo uye optimization yeacrylonitrile inotorwa kubva kubhayomass kushandiswa kwekurima, kusimudzira kushandiswa kwezvekurima kwezvekurima". yakakwira-inoshanda kabhoni fiber zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinogoneka zvisiri-zvekudya-zvakavakirwa mbishi zvinhu, zvakaita sehuni biomass, uye zvirongwa zvekudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira webiomass renewable kabhoni fibers kusvika pasi pemadhora mashanu / lb panosvika 2020.
Muna Kurume 2017, Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS rakazivisa zvakare 3.74 miriyoni emadhora mukutsigira mari ye "yakaderera-mutengo kabhoni fiber chikamu R & amp; d chirongwa" inotungamirwa neWestern American Institute (WRI), iyo inotarisa pakuvandudzwa kwezvinodhura-kabhoni fiber zvikamu zvinoenderana nezviwanikwa zvakaita semarasha uye biomass.
Chikunguru 2017, Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS rakazivisa mari ye19.4 miriyoni yemadhora kutsigira kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzinoshanda nesimba, 6.7 miriyoni idzo dzinoshandiswa kutsigira kugadzirira kwemutengo wakaderera kabhoni fibers uchishandisa computational zvinhu, kusanganisira kugadzirwa kweakawanda-zvikero nzira dzekuongorora dzakabatanidzwa tekinoroji yekombuta kuti iongorore kushingairira kwekabhoni faibha kutsva kunobatsira. dzidziso, kudzidza muchina uye mamwe maturusi anoshandiswa kugadzira maturusi echizvino-zvino emakombuta kuti avandudze sarudzo yemhando yakaderera-inodhura kabhoni fiber mbishi zvinhu.
2.3 Europe
Indasitiri yeEuropean carbon fiber yakagadziridzwa muJapan neUnited States mumakore makumi manomwe kana makumi masere ezana ramakore rechi20, asi nekuda kwehunyanzvi uye capital, mazhinji makambani anogadzira kabhoni-kabhoni fiber haana kutevedzera nguva yekukura kwekabhoni fiber kudiwa mushure memakore 2000 uye yakanyangarika, Kambani yeGerman SGL ndiyo yega kambani muEurope kuve nechikamu chikuru chemusika wepasi rose wecarbon fiber.
Muna Mbudzi 2011, European Union yakatanga chirongwa cheEucarbon Project, chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kugona kwekugadzira muEurope mucarbon fiber uye pre-impregnated zvinhu zvemuchadenga. Iyo purojekiti yakatora makore mana, nekudyara kwakazara kwe3.2 miriyoni euros, uye muna Chivabvu 2017 yakabudirira kumisa yekutanga yakakosha kabhoni yekugadzira kabhoni yeEurope mutsara wekushandisa nzvimbo senge satellite, zvichiita kuti Europe ibve pakutsamira kwayo kunze kwechigadzirwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekupihwa kwezvinhu.
Iyo EU Seventh framework inoronga kutsigira "inoshanda kabhoni fiber mukugadzirira kweiyo itsva precursor system ine inodhura-inoshanda uye inogoneka kuita" (FIBRALSPEC) chirongwa (2014-2017) muma euro 6.08 miriyoni. Iyo 4-gore chirongwa, inotungamirwa neNational Technical University yeAthens, Greece, nekutora chikamu kwemakambani emarudzi akawanda akadai seItari, United Kingdom neUkraine, yakatarisana nekuvandudza nekuvandudza hurongwa hwekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirira polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers kuti iwane kuyedza kugadzirwa kweinoenderera pan-based carbon fibers. Iyo purojekiti yakapedza kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwekabhoni fiber uye yakakwidziridzwa komputa tekinoroji kubva kune inovandudzwa organic polymer zviwanikwa (senge supercapacitors, kukurumidza pekugara pechimbichimbi, pamwe neiyo prototype yemagetsi rotary coating michina uye mutsara wekugadzira we nanofibers, nezvimwewo).
Huwandu huri kukura hwezvikamu zvemaindasitiri, senge mota, simba remhepo uye kuvaka ngarava, zvinoda huremu, hwepamusoro-soro macomposites, inova musika wakakura ungangoita wecarbon fiber indasitiri. EU inodyara 5.968 miriyoni euros kuti itange chirongwa cheCarboprec (2014-2017), chinangwa chayo ndechekugadzira zvinodhura zvakachipa kubva kuzvinhu zvinogonekazve zviripo muEurope uye kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-kushanda kabhoni fiber kuburikidza nekabhoni nanotubes.
European Union's Cleansky II chirongwa chekutsvagisa chakabhadhara mari ye "Composite tire R & amp; d" chirongwa (2017), inotungamirwa neFraunhofer Institute for Production uye Systems Reliability (LBF) muGermany, inoronga kugadzira mavhiri epamberi eiyo carbon fiber yakasimbiswa inoumbwa nendege yeAirbus A320, Chinangwa ndechekudzikisira uremu ne4 simbi simbi. Iyo purojekiti inotsigirwa nemari inosvika EUR 200,000.
2.4 Korea
South Korea kuti kabhoni faibha R & amp; D uye Industrialization yakatanga kunonoka, R & amp; D yakatanga muna 2006, 2013 yakatanga kupinda nhanho inoshanda, ichidzoreredza iyo Korean kabhoni fiber zvese zvinoenderana nekunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kuboka reSouth Korea renzvimbo yexiaoxing uye Bhizinesi reTaiguang semumiriri weindastiri mapiyona akashanda nesimba mundima yekabhoni fiber indasitiri dhizaini, kusimudzira kwekusimudzira kwakasimba. Uye zvakare, iyo kabhoni fiber yekugadzira base yakagadzwa neToray Japan muKorea yakabatsirawo kumusika wecarbon fiber muKorea pachayo.
Hurumende yeKorea yakasarudza kugadzira iyo xiaoxing Boka A nzvimbo yekuunganidzira maindasitiri ekuvandudza kabhoni fiber. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira kabhoni fiber material indasitiri cluster, kusimudzira kusimukira kwekugadzira ecosystem yehupfumi mudunhu rese reNorth, chinangwa chekupedzisira ndechekugadzira kabhoni fiber zvinhu → zvikamu → chakapedzwa chigadzirwa chimwe-chinomira cheni yekugadzira, kumisikidzwa kwekabhoni fiber incubation cluster inogona kufananidzwa neSilicon Valley muUnited States, tora misika mitsva, gadzira hutsva hwakawedzerwa kukosha, Zadzisa bhiriyoni-yakagadzirirwa zvigadzirwa zvemadhora zviuru gumi. 55.2 bhiriyoni yuan) panosvika 2020.
3. ongororo yepasi rose kabhoni fiber tsvagiridzo uye tsvakiridzo yakabuda
Ichi chikamu chinoverenga mapepa eSCI ane chekuita nekabhoni fiber tsvagiridzo uye DII patent zvabuda kubva 2010, kuitira kuongorora tsvakiridzo yedzidzo uye tsvakiridzo yeindasitiri nekuvandudzwa kwekabhoni fiber tekinoroji panguva imwe chete, uye kunyatsonzwisisa kufambira mberi kwekabhoni fiber tsvagiridzo nebudiriro pasi rose.
Dhata rakatorwa kubva kuScie dhatabhesi uye Dewent dhatabhesi muwebhu yeSainzi dhatabhesi rakabudiswa naClarivate Analytics; nguva yekutora nguva: 2010-2017; zuva rekutora: Kukadzi 1, 2018.
SCI Pepa Retrieval Strategy: Ts=((carbonfibre* or Carbonfiber*) kana ("Carbon fiber*" not"carbon Fiberglass") kana "carbon fiber*" kana "carbonfilament*" kana ((polyacrylonitrile kana pitch) uye "precursor*" andfiber*) kana ("graphite fiber*")) kwete ()"bambo").
Dewent Patent Search Strategy: Ti=((carbonfibre* or Carbonfiber*) kana ("Carbon fiber*" not"carbon Fiberglass") kana "carbon fiber*" kana "carbonfilament*" kana (((polyacrylonitrile or pitch) uye "precursor*" andfiber*) kana ("graphite fiber*")) kwete (") carbon fiber*(carbon) kana carbon*( carbon fibre) kana carbon TS (fiber*TS) kana fiber TS=( TS) ("Carbon fiber*" kwete"carbon Fiberglass") kana "carbon fiber*" kana "carbonfilament*" kana ((polyacrylonitrile kana pitch) uye "precursor*" nefiber*) kana ("graphite fiber*")) kwete (" bamboo kabhoni")) uyeIP=(D01F-009/12 kana D01F309/7 kana D01F309-7 kana D01F30900000000000 kana D01F309-700). D01F-009/14 kana D01F-009/145kana D01F-009/15 kana D01F-009/155 kana D01F-009/16 kana D01F-009/17 kana D01F-009/18 kana D01F-009/20 kana D01F-009/20-20 D01F-009/22 kana D01F-009/24 kana D01F-009/26 kanaD01F-09/28 kana D01F-009/30 kana D01F-009/32 kana C08K-007/02 kana C08J-005/005/04-04/04/04/04-304-6 kana D3C04-06 kana kuti D06M-101/40 kana D21H-013/50 kana H01H-001/027 orH01R-039/24).
3.1 maitiro
Kubva 2010, 16,553 mapepa akakodzera akadhindwa pasi rese, uye 26390 ekugadzira patent akaiswa, ese achiratidza kudzikama kukwira gore negore (Mufananidzo 1).
3.2 Nyika kana kugoverwa kwedunhu
Masangano gumi epamusoro ane yakakura kubuda kwepasi rose kabhoni fiber research bepa anobva kuChina, ayo epamusoro mashanu anoti: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Northwestern University of Technology, Donghua University, Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Pakati pemasangano ekunze, Indian Institute of Technology, University of Tokyo, University of Bristol, Monash University, University of Manchester uye Georgia Institute of Technology Rank pakati pe10 ~ 20 (Fig. 3).
Nhamba yezvikumbiro zvepatent mumasangano makumi matatu epamusoro, Japan ine 5, uye 3 yacho iri muvashanu vepamusoro, kambani yeToray iri pachinzvimbo chekutanga, ichiteverwa naMitsubishi Liyang (wechipiri), Teijin (yechina), East State (yechigumi), Japan Toyo Textile Company (24), China ine masangano makumi maviri nerimwe, Sinopec Group ine nhamba yakakura kwazvo yematende, Harna kechipiri kambani, Kebinn kambani yeTekinoroji, Kebinn yechitatu. Donghua University, China Shanghai Petrochemical, Beijing Chemical Industry, nezvimwewo, iyo Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanxi Coal application invention Patent 66, iri pachinzvimbo chechi27, South Korean masangano ane 2, iyo Xiaoxing Co., Ltd..
Output masangano, kubudiswa kwepepa kunyanya kubva kumayunivhesiti uye nesayenzi tsvakurudzo masangano, patent goho kunyanya kubva kambani, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kabhoni faibha kugadzira ari yepamusoro-tech indasitiri, sezvo huru muviri kabhoni faibha R & amp; d Indasitiri Development, kambani inokoshesa zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwekabhoni fiber R & amp; d tekinoroji, kunyanya iyo 2 makambani makuru muJapan, Huwandu hwematendi huri kumberi.
3.4 Tsvagiridzo Hotspots
Carbon fiber yekutsvagisa mapepa anovhara zvakanyanya nyaya dzekutsvagisa: Carbon fiber composites (inosanganisira kabhoni fibre yakasimbiswa makombisi, polymer matrix makombisi, nezvimwewo), mechaniki zvivakwa tsvakiridzo, inopera chinhu chekuongorora, kabhoni nanotubes, delamination, kusimbisa, kuneta, microstructure, electrostatic spinning, kurapwa kwepamusoro, adsorp. Mapepa anobata neaya keywords account ye38.8% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemapepa.
Carbon fiber invention patents inovhara misoro yakawanda ine chekuita nekugadzirira kwekabhoni fiber, michina yekugadzira uye zvinhu zvinoumbwa. Pakati pavo, Japan Toray, Mitsubishi Liyang, Teijin uye mamwe makambani ari mu "carbon fiber yakasimbiswa polymer compounds" mumunda wehutano hunokosha hwekugadzirisa, uyezve, Toray naMitsubishi Liyang mu "Polyacrylonitrile kugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira", "ine unsaturated nitrile, yakadai se polyacrylonitrile, polydevinylidene kugadzirwa kwe carbonethylecyne uye polydevinylecyne kugadzirwa kwe carbonicithylecyne kugadzirwa kwe carbonologine chikamu chikuru chegadziriro yepatent, uye kambani yeJapan Teijin mu "carbon fiber uye oxygen compound composite" ine chikamu chakakura chekumisikidza patent.
China Sinopec Group, Beijing Chemical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Materials mu "polyacrylonitrile kugadzirwa kwecarbon fiber uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira" ine chikamu chikuru chekugadzirisa patent; Uye zvakare, Beijing University yeChemical Engineering, iyo Chinese Academy yeScience Shanxi Coal Chemical Institute uye iyo Chinese Academy yeScience Ningbo zvinhu kiyi Kurongeka "Kushandisa inorganic element fiber semiviri yepolymer mukomboni kugadzirira" tekinoroji ine Harbin Institute of Technology inotarisa pakurongeka kwe "carbon fiber kurapwa", "carbon fiber uye oxygen-ine makomisheni makombisi" uye humwe hunyanzvi.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinowanikwa kubva kunhamba dzepagore dzekugovera zviverengero zvepatents dzepasirese kuti huwandu hwenzvimbo itsva dzinopisa dzakatanga kubuda mumakore matatu apfuura, senge: "Maumbirwo emapolyamides akawanikwa kubva pakuumbwa kwecarboxylate bonding reaction mucheni huru", "polyester nziyo kubva pakuumbwa kwe1 carboxylic acid ester bonds", synthetic chain chain carboxylic acid ine okisijeni makomisheni sezvimiro zvekabhoni fiber composites ", "mu-mativi matatu-dimensional fomu yekusimba kana kurapwa kwezvinhu zvemachira", "unsaturated ether, acetal, semi-acetal, ketone kana aldehyde kuburikidza chete necarbon-carbon unsaturated bond reaction pakugadzirwa kwepolymer Compounds", "adiabatic material pipe or efosfate ingredients" , "adiabatic material pipe or composites".
Mumakore achangopfuura, R & amp; d mune kabhoni fiber sector yakabuda, ine zvakawanda zvekubudirira kunobva kuUnited States neJapan Ikozvino yekucheka-kumucheto matekinoroji anongotarisa kwete chete pane kabhoni fiber kugadzirwa uye kugadzira tekinoroji, asiwo pamashandisirwo mune yakafaranuka yemhando yemidziyo yemotokari, seyakareruka, 3D kudhinda, uye magetsi ekugadzira zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzokorodza uye kudzokorodza kwekabhoni fiber zvinhu, kugadzirira kwehuni lignin kabhoni fiber uye zvimwe zvakabudirira zvine kupenya kwemaziso. Migumisiro inomiririra inotsanangurwa pasi apa:
1) US Georgia Institute of Technology inotyora chizvarwa chechitatu kabhoni fiber tekinoroji
Muna Chikunguru 2015, pamwe nemari yeDARPA, Georgia Institute of Technology, neyakagadziridza pan-based carbon fiber gel spinning technique, yakawedzera zvakanyanya modulus yayo, kupfuura Hershey IM7 Carbon fiber, iyo yava kushandiswa zvakanyanya mundege dzemauto, zvichiratidza nyika yechipiri pasi rose kugona chizvarwa chechitatu chekabhoni fiber tekinoroji mushure meJapan.
Iko kusimba kweiyo gel inotenderera kabhoni fiber yakagadzirwa naKumarz inosvika 5.5 kusvika 5.8Gpa, uye iyo tensile modulus iri pakati pe354-375gpa. "Iyi ndiyo fiber inoenderera yakashumwa nesimba guru uye modulus yekushanda kwakazara. Muchidimbu filament bundle, simba rekusimba rinosvika 12.1Gpa, yakafanana ndiyo yepamusoro polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber."
2) Electromagnetic wave kupisa tekinoroji
Muna 2014, Nedo yakagadzira tekinoroji yekudziya yemagetsi. Electromagnetic wave carbonization tekinoroji inoreva kushandiswa kweelectromagnetic wave heat tekinoroji kuita carbonization iyo fiber pamhepo yemhepo. Iyo yakawanikwa kabhoni fiber kuita kwakafanana nekabhoni fiber inogadzirwa nekupisa kupisa kwakanyanya, iyo elastic modulus inogona kusvika kupfuura 240GPA, uye kureba panguva yekuzorora inodarika 1.5%, inova ndiyo yekutanga kubudirira munyika.
Iyo fiber-yakaita seyakagadzirwa nekabhoni ne electromagnetic wave, kuitira kuti carbonization choto midziyo inoshandiswa kupisa tembiricha yakanyanya haidiwi. Iyi nzira haisi kungoderedza nguva inodiwa ye carbonization, asiwo inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye inoderedza kubudiswa kwe CO2.
3) kudzora kwakanaka kweiyo carbonization process
Muna Kurume 2014, Toray yakazivisa kubudirira kweiyo t1100g kabhoni fiber. Toray inoshandisa iyo yechinyakare pani mhinduro yekutenderera tekinoroji kunyatso kudzora iyo carbonization process, kunatsiridza iyo microstructure yekabhoni fiber pane nanoscale, kudzora iyo graphite microcrystalline kutaridzika, microcrystalline saizi, kuremara uye zvichingodaro mu fiber mushure mecarbonization, kuitira kuti simba uye elastic modulus inogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. The tensile simba re t1100g is 6.6GPa, iri 12% yakakwirira kupfuura yeT800, uye elastic modulus ndeye 324GPa uye yakawedzera negumi muzana, iyo iri kupinda muchikamu cheindasitiri.
4) Surface Treatment Technology
Teijin East State yakabudirira kugadzira tekinoroji yeplasma yepamusoro yekurapa iyo inogona kudzora kutaridzika kwekabhoni fiber mumasekonzi mashoma. Iyi tekinoroji nyowani inorerutsa zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwese uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba ne50% zvichienzaniswa neiyo iripo pamusoro pekurapa tekinoroji yemagetsi emagetsi emvura. Uyezve, mushure mekurapa kweplasma, zvakaonekwa kuti kunamatira kwefiber uye resin matrix kwakagadziridzwa zvakare.
5) kudzidza pachiyero chekuchengetedza kabhoni fiber tensile simba munzvimbo yakakwirira yegraphite nharaunda
Zvishandiso zveNingbo zvakabudirira kuita chidzidzo chakadzama pamusoro pekuongororwa kwemaitiro, tsvakiridzo yechimiro uye mashandiro ekuita kwesimba remumba uye kureba modhi kabhoni fiber, kunyanya basa rekutsvagisa padanho rekuchengetedza kabhoni fiber tensile simba munzvimbo yakanyanya tembiricha yegraphite, uye ichangoburwa kugadzirira kwesimba rakakwirira uye yakakwira modulus kabhoni fiber ine tensile simba 5.24GPa uye tensile modulus vhoriyamu 593GPa ine simba reTora neJapan m60j yakakwirira-yakasimba-yakaumbwa kabhoni fiber (tensile simba 3.92GPa, tensile modulus 588GPa).
6) Microwave Graphite
Yongda Advanced Materials yakabudirira kugadzira United States exclusive patent ultra-high tembiricha graphite tekinoroji, kugadzirwa kwepakati nepamusoro-kurongeka kabhoni fiber, zvakabudirira kutyora zvipingamupinyi zvitatu mukugadzira yakakwira-odha kabhoni fiber, girafu michina inodhura uye iri pasi pehutongi hwepasirese, mbishi sirika kemikari tekinoroji yakaoma, kugadzira goho rakaderera uye rakakwira. Parizvino, Yongda yakagadzira matatu emhando dzekabhoni fibers, ese akasimudza simba uye modulus yepakutanga yakaderera giredhi kabhoni fiber kusvika pahurefu hutsva.
7) Hutsva hutsva hwekunyunguduka kwepan-based carbon fiber raw waya naFraunhofer, Germany.
The Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymers (Applied polymer Research, IAP) nguva pfupi yadarika yakazivisa kuti icharatidza tekinoroji yeComcarbon yazvino kuBerlin Air Show Ila muna Kubvumbi 2018 25, 29th. Iyi tekinoroji inoderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekugadzira weakawanda-yakagadzirwa kabhoni fiber.
Fig. 4 Raw waya inonyungudika ichiruka.
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mumaitiro echinyakare, hafu yemutengo wekugadzira wepan-based carbon fiber inopedzwa mukugadzira waya mbishi. Nekuona kusakwanisa kwewaya mbishi kunyungudika, inofanirwa kugadzirwa pachishandiswa inodhura mhinduro yekuruka maitiro (Solution Spinning). "Kuitira izvi, takagadzira nzira itsva yekugadzira pan-based silk mbishi, iyo inogona kuderedza mutengo wekugadzirwa kwewaya mbishi ne 60%. Iyi inzira yehupfumi uye inogoneka yekunyunguduka, uchishandisa yakanyatsogadzirwa fused pan-based copolymer. "Dr. Johannes Ganster, Gurukota reBiological Polymers kuFraunhofer IAP Institute, akatsanangura.
8) Plasma oxidation tekinoroji
4M Carbon fiber yakazivisa kuti ichaita kushandisa tekinoroji yeplasma oxidation kugadzira nekutengesa yepamusoro-soro, inodhura kabhoni fiber seyakatarisana, kwete kungopa rezinesi tekinoroji. 4M inotaura kuti tekinoroji yeplasma oxidation inokurumidza kakapetwa katatu pane yakajairwa oxidation tekinoroji, nepo kushandiswa kwesimba kuri pasi pechikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehunyanzvi hwechinyakare. Uye zvirevo zvakasimbiswa nevazhinji vepasi rose vanogadzira kabhoni fiber, avo vari kubvunzana neakawanda epasi rose anogadzira kabhoni fiber uye automaker kuti vatore chikamu sevanotangisa kugadzirwa kwekabhoni isingadhuri.
9) Cellulose Nano fiber
Yunivhesiti yeKyoto yeJapan, pamwe chete nevashambadziri vezvinhu zvakakura zvakadai sekambani yekugadzira magetsi (Toyota's largest supplier) uye Daikyonishikawa Corp., iri kushanda pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvepurasitiki zvinosanganisa cellulose nanofibers, Nyaya iyi inogadzirwa nekupwanya huni hwehuni kuita microns shoma (1 pachuru mm). Huremu hwechigadzirwa chitsva inongova chikamu chimwe chete chezvishanu chehuremu hwesimbi, asi simba rayo rinopetwa kashanu kupfuura resimbi.
10) kabhoni faibha pamberi muviri we polyolefin uye lignin mbishi zvinhu
Iyo Oak Ridge National Laboratory muUnited States yanga ichishanda pamutengo wakaderera kabhoni fiber tsvagiridzo kubva 2007, uye vakagadzira kabhoni fiber pamberi mitumbi ye polyolefin uye lignin mbishi zvinhu, pamwe nepamusoro plasma pre-oxidation uye microwave carbonization matekinoroji.
11) Iyo nyowani polymer (precursor polymer) yakagadzirwa nekubvisa refractory kurapwa
Munzira yekugadzira inotungamirwa neYunivhesiti yeTokyo, polima nyowani (precursor polymer) yakagadziridzwa kuti ibvise refractory kurapwa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti mushure mekutenderedza iyo polymer kuita silika, haiite yepakutanga refractory kurapwa, asi inoita kuti iite oxidize musolvent. Iyo microwave yekudziya mudziyo inozodziya kusvika kupfuura 1000 ℃ ye carbonization. Kupisa nguva inotora 2-3 maminetsi chete. Mushure mekurapa carbonization, plasma inoshandiswawo kuita kurapa kwepamusoro, kuitira kuti kabhoni fiber igone kugadzirwa. Kurapa kweplasma kunotora asingasviki maminetsi maviri. Nenzira iyi, iyo yekutanga sintering nguva ye30-60 maminetsi inogona kuderedzwa kusvika anenge 5 maminetsi. Munzira nyowani yekugadzira, kurapwa kweplasma kunoitwa kuvandudza chisungo pakati pekabhoni fiber uye thermoplastic resin seCFRP base zvinhu. Iyo tensile elastic modulus yekabhoni fiber inogadzirwa nenzira nyowani yekugadzira ndeye 240GPa, iyo tensile simba i3.5GPa uye elongation inosvika 1.5%. Aya makosi akaenzana neiyo Toray Universal giredhi kabhoni fiber T300 inoshandiswa kune zvemitambo zvinhu, nezvimwe.
12) kudzokorodza uye kushandiswa kwekabhoni fiber zvinhu uchishandisa fluidized bed process
Mengran Meng, munyori wekutanga wechidzidzo ichi, akati: "Carbon fiber kudzoreredza inoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kana ichienzaniswa neyakabikwa kabhoni fiber kugadzirwa, asi kune kushomeka kwekuziva kweanogona kudzokorodza tekinoroji uye kugona kwehupfumi hwekudzokorodza kabhoni fiber utilization. maitiro. Idzi nzira dzinobvisa chikamu chepurasitiki chezvakagadzirwa, zvichisiya kabhoni fiber, iyo inogona kushandurwa kuita tangled fiber mats uchishandisa wet papermaking tekinoroji, kana kurongekazve kuita dhairekitori.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaverenga kuti kabhoni fiber inogona kudzoserwa kubva ku carbon fiber composite tsvina uchishandisa mvura yakarara, inoda chete 5 yemadhora / kg uye isingasviki 10% yesimba rinodiwa kugadzira iyo yekutanga kabhoni fiber. Yakadzokororwa kabhoni fibers inogadzirwa neiyo fluidized mubhedha maitiro haambotapudzire modulus, uye kusimba kwesimba kunoderedzwa ne18% kusvika 50% maererano neprimary carbon fibers, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune maapplication anoda kuomarara kwakanyanya pane simba. "Recycled kabhoni fibers inogona kunge yakakodzera kune isiri-yakarongeka application inoda kureruka, senge mota, kuvaka, mhepo nemitambo maindasitiri," Meng akadaro.
13) Tekinoroji nyowani yekabhoni fiber recycling yakagadzirwa muUnited States
June 2016, vatsvakurudzi veGeorgia Institute of Technology muUnited States vakanyura kabhoni fiber mumushonga une doro kuti iparadze epoxy resin, iyo yakaparadzana fiber uye epoxy resins inogona kushandiswa zvakare, kubudirira kubudirira kwekabhoni fiber recovery.
Chikunguru 2017, Washington State University yakagadzirawo kabhoni faibha kudzoreredza tekinoroji, ichishandisa asidhi isina simba sechinhu chinokonzeresa, kushandiswa kwemvura ethanol pane tembiricha yakaderera kuti iparadze thermosetting zvinhu, yakaora kabhoni faibha uye resin inochengetedzwa zvakasiyana, uye inogona kuiswa mukuberekana.
14) Kuvandudzwa kwe3D kudhinda kabhoni fiber inki tekinoroji muLLNL murabhoritari, USA
Muna Kurume 2017, iyo Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory (LLNL) muUnited States yakagadzira yekutanga 3D yakadhindwa yepamusoro-soro, yeaviation-giredhi kabhoni fiber composite. Vakashandisa nzira yekudhinda ye3D yedirect inki transmission (DIW) kugadzira zvimiro zvakaoma-matatu-dimensional izvo zvakavandudza zvakanyanya kukurumidza kukurumidza kushandiswa mumotokari, ndege, kudzivirira, uye midhudhudhu makwikwi uye kusefa.
15) United States, Korea neChina vanobatana mukugadzira kabhoni fiber yekugadzira magetsi
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2017, kambasi yeDallas yeYunivhesiti yeTexas, Hanyang University kuKorea, Nankai University kuChina nemamwe masangano akabatana mukugadzira kabhoni fiber yarn zvinhu zvekugadzira magetsi. Rudzi urwu runotanga kunyudzwa mumagetsi emagetsi akadai sebrine, zvichiita kuti ayoni ari muelectrolyte abatanidze pamusoro pekabhoni nanotubes, iyo inogona kushandurwa kuita simba remagetsi kana shinda yakasungwa kana kutambanudzwa. Izvo zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa munzvimbo chero ine yakavimbika kinetic simba uye yakakodzera kupa simba kune IoT sensors.
16) Kufambira mberi kutsva mukutsvagisa kwehuni lignin kabhoni fiber yakawanikwa neChinese neAmerica zvakateerana
Muna Kurume 2017, iyo yakakosha fiber timu yeNingbo Institute of Materials Technology uye engineering yakagadzira lignin-acrylonitrile copolymer ine yakanaka spinnability uye kugadzikana kwekupisa nekushandisa esterification uye yemahara radical copolymerization nhanho mbiri yekugadziridza tekinoroji. Unhu hwepamusoro hunoenderera mberi filaments hwakawanikwa nekushandisa copolymer uye wet spinning process, uye iyo compact carbon fiber yakagamuchirwa mushure mekudzikamisa kwekupisa uye kurapwa kwecarbonization.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2017, boka reBirgitte ahring rekutsvagisa kuYunivhesiti yeWashington kuUnited States rakasanganisa lignin nepolyacrylonitrile muzvikamu zvakasiyana, ndokuzoshandisa tekinoroji yekunyungudutsa kushandura mapolymer akasanganiswa kuita kabhoni fiber. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti lignin yakawedzerwa kune 20% ~ 30% haina kukanganisa kusimba kwekabhoni fiber uye yaitarisirwa kushandiswa mukugadzira yakaderera-inodhura carbon fiber zvinhu zvemotokari kana zvikamu zvendege.
Pakupera kwe2017, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) yakabudisa tsvakurudzo pamusoro pekugadzirwa kweacrylonitrile uchishandisa tsvina yemiti, yakadai semashanga ezviyo uye uswa hwegorosi. Vanotanga vapwanya zvidyarwa kuita shuga vozozvishandura kuita maasidhi, vozvisanganisa nezvinochipa zvakachipa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinonangwa.
17) Japan inogadzira yekutanga kabhoni faibha yakasimbisa thermoplastic composite mota chassis
Gumiguru 2017, Japan itsva simba indasitiri tekinoroji yakabatanidzwa R & amp; d Agency neNagoya University National Composites Research Center yakabudirira kugadzira nyika yekutanga kabhoni fiber yakasimbisa thermoplastic composite mota chassis. Ivo vanoshandisa otomatiki refu fiber yakasimbiswa thermoplastic composites yakananga pa-line yekuumba maitiro, inoenderera kabhoni faibha uye thermoplastic resin zvimedu kusanganisa, kugadzira faibha yakasimbiswa macomposites, uyezve kuburikidza nekudziya uye kunyungudika kubatana, kugadzirwa kwakabudirira kwe thermoplastic CFRP mota chassis.
5. mazano pamusoro peR & D yekabhoni fiber teknolojia muChina
5.1 dhizaini inotaridzika kumberi, yakanangana nezvinangwa, tarisa pakupwanya chizvarwa chechitatu checarbon fiber tekinoroji.
China yechizvarwa chechipiri kabhoni fiber tekinoroji haisati yave kubudirira, nyika yedu inofanirwa kuyedza kutarisa kumberi iyo ichaunza pamwe kumusoro kwakakodzera masangano edu ekutsvagisa, yakatarisana nekutora matekinoroji akakosha, kutarisisa kwechizvarwa chechitatu chepamusoro-inoshanda kabhoni fiber kugadzirira tekinoroji yekutsvaga nekusimudzira (kureva inoshanda kune aerospace yakakwirira simba, yakakwira modulus kabhoni yakagadziridzwa kabhoni faibha tekinoroji, uye kugadzira kabhoni faibha tekinoroji yekugadzira kabhoni composite tekinoroji) huremu, yakaderera-inodhura yakakura tow kabhoni faibha kugadzirira, yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji kabhoni faibha composite zvinhu, tekinoroji yekudzokorodza uye nekukurumidza prototyping matekinoroji.
5.2 Kuronga sangano, kusimbisa rutsigiro, kumisa mapurojekiti makuru ehunyanzvi kuti arambe achitsigira tsvakiridzo yemubatanidzwa.
Parizvino, pane masangano akawanda kuita kabhoni faibha tsvakurudzo muChina, asi simba rakaparadzirwa, uye hapana akabatana R & amp; d nzira yesangano uye rutsigiro rwakasimba rwemari yekudyidzana kunoshanda. Tichitarisa kubva muruzivo rwebudiriro yenyika dzakasimukira, kurongeka uye marongerwo emapurojekiti makuru anoita basa guru mukusimudzira budiriro yeiyi tekinoroji ndima. Tinofanira kutarisa China's Advantage R & amp; d Simba, mukuona kweChina kabhoni faibha breakthrough R & amp; d tekinoroji yekutanga mapurojekiti makuru, kusimbisa kudyidzana tekinoroji innovation, uye kugara ichisimudzira China kabhoni fiber research tekinoroji level, makwikwi epasi rose kabhoni fiber uye inoumbwa.
5.3 Kuvandudza nzira yekuongorora yekushandiswa kwemaitiro ekuita kwehunyanzvi hwekubudirira
Kubva pakuona kwekuongorora kwe econometric yemapepa eSCI, carbon fiber yeChina sechinhu chepamusoro-soro chekushanda chinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvakurudza, asi nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber uye kugadzira teknolojia, kunyanya kutarisa kuderedza mari, kuvandudza kushanda kwekugadzirwa kwekutsvakurudza kushoma. Carbon fiber kugadzira maitiro akareba, tekinoroji mapoinzi akakosha, zvipingamupinyi zvekugadzira zvakakura, inyanzvi yakawanda, yakawanda-tekinoroji yekubatanidza, inoda kutyora zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi, kusimudzira zvinobudirira "mutengo wakaderera, kuita kwakakwira" musimboti wekugadzirira tekinoroji yekutsvaga nekusimudzira, kune rimwe divi, inoda kusimbisa tsvakiridzo yekutsvaga, kune rumwe rutivi, inoda kunetesa ndima yesainzi tsvagiridzo yekushanda kubva mukuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita ongororo, kusimbaradza kwekuita kwekuongorora kwehunyanzvi hwekuita ongororo, kusimbaradza kwekuita kwekuongorora kwehunyanzvi hwekuita ongororo. iyo "quantitative" kuongororwa, iyo inoteerera kubudiswa kwepepa, kune "quality" kuongororwa kwekukosha kwemigumisiro.
5.4 Kusimbisa kurima kweanocheka-kumucheto tekinoroji matarenda
Iyo yepamusoro-tekinoroji hunhu hwekabhoni fiber tekinoroji inotarisisa kukosha kweakasarudzika matarenda, angave ane ekucheka-kumucheto epakati epakati tekinoroji vashandi anotarisisa nhanho yeR & amp; D yesangano.
Nekuda kwekabhoni fiber tekinoroji R & D zvinongedzo, isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa kudzidziswa kwevashandi vekomboni, kuitira kuti tive nechokwadi chekubatana uye kusimudzira kwese zvinongedzo. Uye zvakare, kubva munhoroondo yekuvandudza yekabhoni fiber tsvagiridzo muChina, kuyerera kwehunyanzvi hwekutanga tekinoroji kazhinji chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa R & amp; d nhanho yenzvimbo yekutsvagisa. Kuchengetedza kugadzirisa kwevakakosha nyanzvi uye R & amp; d zvikwata mumagadzirirwo ekugadzira, macomposites uye makuru zvigadzirwa zvakakosha kuenderera mberi tekinoroji kukwidziridzwa.
Tinofanira kuramba tichisimbisa kudzidziswa uye kushandiswa kwevashandi vepamusoro-soro munharaunda iyi, kuvandudza kuongorora uye kurapwa kweTechnology R & amp; d matarenda, kusimbisa kurima matarenda vaduku, vachishingaira kutsigira kushandira pamwe uye exchanges nevatorwa mberi R & amp; d masangano, uye kusuma nesimba kune dzimwe nyika matarenda epamusoro, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvichaita basa guru mukusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwekabhoni fiber tsvakurudzo muChina.
Zvakatorwa kubva-
Ongororo yekuvandudza kwepasi rose kabhoni fiber tekinoroji uye kujekeswa kwayo kuChina. Tian Yajuan,Zhang Zhiqiang,Tao Cheng,Yang ming,Ba jin,Chen Yunwei.World Sci-Tech R & D.2018
Nguva yekutumira: Dec-04-2018