Mpweya wa carbon ndi organic polymer fiber inorganic zinthu zatsopano zokhala ndi mpweya woposa 95%, zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukhazikika kwamankhwala, odana ndi kutopa, kupukuta osagwira ndi zina zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, ndipo zimakhala ndi kugwedera kwakukulu, kuwongolera matenthedwe abwino, kutetezedwa kwamagetsi ndi magwiridwe antchito otsika komanso kutsika kwamafuta ena. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wa carbon fiber ugwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, mayendedwe a njanji, kupanga magalimoto, zida ndi zida, makina omanga, zomangamanga, zomangamanga zam'madzi, uinjiniya wamafuta, mphamvu yamphepo, katundu wamasewera ndi zina.
Kutengera ndi zosowa zapadziko lonse za zida za carbon fiber, China idalemba kuti ndi imodzi mwamaukadaulo apamwamba amakampani omwe akubwera omwe amayang'ana kwambiri thandizo. M'dziko la "Khumi ndi Zisanu" za Sayansi ndi zamakono, kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya carbon fiber ndi imodzi mwamakina apamwamba a mafakitale omwe akubwera mothandizidwa ndi boma. May 2015, Council State mwalamulo anamasulidwa "Anapanga mu China 2025", zipangizo zatsopano monga imodzi mwa madera kiyi ya Kukwezeleza wamphamvu ndi chitukuko, kuphatikizapo mkulu-ntchito zipangizo structural, composites patsogolo ndi cholinga cha chitukuko m'munda wa zipangizo zatsopano. Mu October 2015, Unduna wa Makampani ndi Makampani Information mwalamulo anasindikiza "China Manufacturing 2025 key Areas Technology Roadmap", "high-performance CHIKWANGWANI ndi composites ake" monga mfundo zofunika njira, 2020 cholinga ndi "zapakhomo mpweya CHIKWANGWANI composites kukwaniritsa zofunikira luso ndege yaikulu ndi zipangizo zina zofunika." November 2016, Council State anapereka "khumi ndi Zisanu" dziko Strategic akutuluka Makampani Development ndondomeko, momveka bwino kulimbikitsa makampani zinthu zatsopano kumtunda ndi kumtunda mgwirizano thandizo, mu composites mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi madera ena kuti agwire ntchito yogwirizana ntchito woyendetsa chionetsero, kumanga nsanja ntchito yogwirizana. Mu January 2017, Utumiki wa Makampani ndi Development, ndi NDRC, sayansi ndi luso, ndi Unduna wa Zachuma pamodzi anakonza "Guide kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale latsopano zipangizo", ndipo ananena kuti monga 2020, "mu nsanganizo mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, apamwamba zitsulo zitsulo, patsogolo kuwala aloyi zipangizo ndi madera ena kukwaniritsa oposa 70 ntchito dongosolo chitukuko cha zipangizo zamakono, magwiridwe ntchito dongosolo latsopano la mafakitale China, ndi ntchito yomanga dongosolo chitukuko cha zida zatsopano" new materials”.
Chifukwa kaboni fiber ndi zophatikizika zake zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha dziko komanso moyo wa Anthu, akatswiri ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwawo komanso kuwunika momwe kafukufuku akuyendera. Dr. Zhou Hong anawunikiranso zopereka za sayansi ndi zamakono zopangidwa ndi asayansi aku America mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha luso lapamwamba la carbon fiber, ndi kufufuza ndi kulongosola za ntchito zazikulu za 16 ndi kupita patsogolo kwamakono kwamakono a carbon fiber, ndi luso lopanga, katundu ndi ntchito ya polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber ndi chitukuko chake chamakono chamakono komanso chitukuko chamakono chamakono chinayikidwanso ndi malingaliro omwe alipo, etc. mu chitukuko cha carbon fiber ku China. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri achita kafukufuku pakuwunika kwa metrology pamapepala ndi ma patenti pankhani ya carbon fiber ndi ma composites ake. Mwachitsanzo, Ma Xianglin ndi ena kuchokera pamalingaliro a metrology kuchokera ku 1998-2017 carbon fiber patent kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la kusanthula; Yang Sisi ndi ena kutengera nsanja ya innograph ya kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi wa carbon fiber fabric patent ndi ziwerengero za data, kuchokera pa chitukuko chapachaka cha ma patent, patentes, The patent technology hotspot ndi core patent yaukadaulo amawunikidwa.
Kuchokera kaonedwe ka carbon CHIKWANGWANI kafukufuku ndi chitukuko trajectory, kafukufuku China pafupifupi synchronized ndi dziko, koma chitukuko ndi wosakwiya, mkulu-ntchito mpweya CHIKWANGWANI kupanga sikelo ndi khalidwe poyerekeza ndi mayiko akunja ndi kusiyana, pali kufunika mwamsanga kufulumizitsa R & amp; d ndondomeko, patsogolo masanjidwe njira, kulanda m'tsogolo chitukuko cha makampani mwayi. Choncho, pepala ili choyamba amafufuza masanjidwe polojekiti ya mayiko m'munda wa carbon CHIKWANGWANI kafukufuku, kuti timvetse kukonzekera kwa R & amp; d njira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo kachiwiri, chifukwa kafukufuku zofunika ndi ntchito kafukufuku wa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI n'kofunika kwambiri kwa kafukufuku luso ndi chitukuko cha mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, Choncho, Timachita kusanthula metrology kuchokera maphunziro kafukufuku zotsatira-SCI mapepala ndi ntchito kafukufuku zotsatira-zovomerezeka pa nthawi yomweyo kupeza kumvetsa bwino za R & amp; d patsogolo m'munda wa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, ndi jambulani zimene zachitika kafukufuku posachedwapa m'munda uno kwa Peep Mayiko Frontier R & amp; d kupita patsogolo. Pomaliza, kutengera zotsatira za kafukufuku pamwambapa, malingaliro ena a kafukufuku ndi njira yotukula gawo la carbon fiber ku China akuyikidwa patsogolo.
2. Carbon fiberkamangidwe ka polojekiti yamayiko/magawo akuluakulu
Mayiko akuluakulu opanga mpweya wa kaboni akuphatikizapo Japan, United States, South Korea, mayiko ena a ku Ulaya ndi Taiwan, China. Advanced luso mayiko mu gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha mpweya CHIKWANGWANI luso wazindikira kufunika kwa nkhaniyi, wachita masanjidwe njira, mwamphamvu kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha carbon CHIKWANGWANI zipangizo.
2.1 Japan
Japan ndi dziko lotukuka kwambiri paukadaulo wa carbon fiber. Makampani atatu ku Toray, Bong ndi Mitsubishi Liyang ku Japan amawerengera pafupifupi 70% ~ 80% pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanga ma carbon fiber. Komabe, Japan imawona kufunikira kwakukulu kuti ikhalebe ndi mphamvu pa ntchitoyi, makamaka chitukuko cha makina apamwamba a carbon fibers ndi mphamvu ndi chilengedwe, ndi chithandizo champhamvu cha anthu ndi zachuma, ndi ndondomeko zingapo zofunika, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko ya mphamvu yamagetsi, ndondomeko ya kukula kwachuma ndi Kyoto Protocol, Apanga pulojekitiyi kukhala yabwino kwambiri. Kutengera ndi mfundo zofunika zamphamvu za dziko ndi Environmental Policy, Unduna wa Zachuma, mafakitale ndi katundu waku Japan wapereka "kafukufuku waukadaulo wopulumutsa mphamvu ndi Development Program". Mothandizidwa ndi mfundo zomwe zili pamwambazi, makampani opanga mpweya wa carbon ku Japan atha kuyika mbali zonse zazachuma ndikulimbikitsa njira yothetsera mavuto omwe amapezeka pamakampani a carbon fiber.
"Kukula kwaukadaulo monga zida zatsopano zomangika" (2013-2022) ndi ntchito yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pansi pa "Future Development Research Project" ku Japan kuti ikwaniritse bwino chitukuko chaukadaulo wofunikira komanso kuphatikiza zida zosiyanasiyana, ndi cholinga chachikulu chochepetsera kupepuka (theka la kulemera kwagalimoto) kwa njira zoyendera. Ndipo potsiriza zindikirani ntchito yake yothandiza. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito yofufuza ndi chitukuko mu 2014, Industrial Technology Development Agency (NEDO) inapanga ma subprojects angapo omwe zolinga zonse za polojekiti ya carbon Fiber Research "Innovative carbon fiber Basic Research and Development" zinali: kupanga makina atsopano a carbon fiber precursor; kufotokoza njira yopangira mapangidwe a carbonization; ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kulinganiza njira zowunika za carbon fiber. Ntchitoyi, motsogozedwa ndi University of Tokyo komanso kuphatikiza Institute of Industrial Technology (NEDO), Toray, Teijin, Dongyuan, ndi Mitsubishi Liyang, yapita patsogolo kwambiri mu Januwale 2016 ndipo ndichinthu chinanso chachikulu pagawo la pan-based carbon fiber kutsatira kupangidwa kwa "Kondo mode" ku Japan mu 1959.
2.2 United States
Bungwe la US Defense Pre-Research Agency (DARPA) linakhazikitsa pulojekiti ya Advanced Structural Fiber mu 2006 ndi cholinga chosonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la kafukufuku wa sayansi mdziko muno kuti lipange ulusi wotsatira wa kaboni. Mothandizidwa ndi pulojekitiyi, gulu lofufuza la Georgia Institute of Technology ku United States linathyola teknoloji yokonzekera waya mu 2015, ndikuwonjezera modulus yake yotanuka ndi 30%, ndikuzindikiritsa United States ndi chitukuko cha m'badwo wachitatu wa carbon fiber.
Mu 2014, dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ku United States (DOE) idalengeza thandizo la ndalama zokwana 11.3 miliyoni zama projekiti awiri pa "multi-step catalytic process for the converted biomass sugars into acrylonitrile" ndi "kafukufuku ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa acrylonitrile yochokera ku biomass production, reduwative research of acrylonitrile" zida zopangira mpweya wabwino kwambiri zopangira zinthu zongowonjezwdwanso zopanda chakudya, monga matabwa a biomass, ndipo akukonzekera kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ulusi wa kaboni wa biomass kukhala wosakwana $5/lb pofika 2020.
Mu March 2017, US Department of Energy adalengezanso 3.74 miliyoni za madola pothandizira "gawo lotsika mtengo la carbon fiber component R & amp; d project" yotsogoleredwa ndi Western American Institute (WRI), yomwe imayang'ana pa chitukuko cha zigawo zotsika mtengo za carbon fiber zochokera kuzinthu monga malasha ndi biomass.
July 2017, US Department of Energy analengeza ndalama za 19.4 miliyoni madola kuthandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto patsogolo mphamvu imayenera, 6.7 miliyoni amene ntchito ndalama yokonza otsika mtengo mpweya ulusi ntchito computational zipangizo, kuphatikizapo chitukuko cha Mipikisano ang'ono kuwunika njira kwa Integrated kompyuta umisiri kuti aone chidwi champhamvu zinchito ma molekyulu a carbon CHIKWANGWANI, Advanced dynamic chiphunzitso, kuphunzira makina ndi zida zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakono zamakompyuta kuti zithandizire kusankha bwino kwazinthu zotsika mtengo za carbon fiber.
2.3 ku Europe
Makampani opanga mpweya wa carbon fiber ku Ulaya anapangidwa ku Japan ndi United States m'zaka za makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena makumi asanu ndi atatu a zaka za m'ma 20, koma chifukwa cha luso lamakono ndi ndalama, makampani ambiri opanga mpweya wa carbon fiber sanatsatire nthawi ya kukula kwa carbon fiber yomwe ikufunika patatha zaka 2000 ndikuzimiririka, Kampani yaku Germany SGL ndi kampani yokhayo ku Europe yokhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika wapadziko lonse wa carbon fiber.
Mu November 2011, European Union inayambitsa Eucarbon Project, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukweza luso la kupanga ku Ulaya mu carbon fiber ndi zipangizo zomwe zisanachitikepo zamlengalenga. Ntchitoyi inatha zaka 4, ndi ndalama okwana mayuro miliyoni 3.2, ndipo mu May 2017 bwinobwino anakhazikitsa European wapadera mpweya CHIKWANGWANI mzere woyamba ku Ulaya kwa ntchito mlengalenga monga satellites, motero kupangitsa Europe kuchoka ku kudalira kwake kudalira mankhwala ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha kotunga zipangizo.
EU Seventh framework ikukonzekera kuthandizira "carbon fiber yogwira ntchito pokonzekera dongosolo latsopano lokonzekera ndi ntchito yotsika mtengo komanso yotheka" (FIBRALSPEC) polojekiti (2014-2017) mu euro 6.08 miliyoni. Ntchito ya zaka 4, motsogozedwa ndi National Technical University of Athens, Greece, ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana monga Italy, United Kingdom ndi Ukraine, ikuyang'ana pakupanga ndi kukonza njira yokonzekera mosalekeza ulusi wa kaboni wa polyacrylonitrile kuti akwaniritse kuyesa kwa ulusi wa kaboni mosalekeza. Ntchitoyi yamaliza bwino kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa kaboni komanso ukadaulo wophatikizika kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa za polima (monga ma supercapacitors, malo obisalamo mwadzidzidzi, komanso makina opangira magetsi ozungulira ndi makina opanga ma nanofibers, etc.).
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa magawo azigawo zamafakitale, monga zamagalimoto, mphamvu zamphepo ndi kupanga zombo, zimafunikira ma composites opepuka, ochita bwino kwambiri, omwe ndi msika waukulu womwe ungathe kugulitsa kaboni fiber. EU imayika ma euro 5.968 miliyoni kuti akhazikitse pulojekiti ya Carboprec (2014-2017), cholinga chake ndikukhazikitsa zoyambira zotsika mtengo kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zilipo ku Europe ndikupititsa patsogolo kupanga ulusi wa kaboni wapamwamba kwambiri kudzera mu carbon nanotubes.
The European Union a Cleansky II kafukufuku pulogalamu ndalama ndi "Composite tayala R & amp; d" pulojekiti (2017), motsogozedwa ndi Fraunhofer Institute for Production and Systems Reliability (LBF) ku Germany, amene akufuna kupanga zigawo gudumu kutsogolo kwa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa gulu ndege kwa Airbus A320, Cholinga ndi kuchepetsa kulemera ndi zitsulo 4%. Ntchitoyi imathandizidwa ndi pafupifupi EUR 200,000.
2.4 Korea
South Korea mpweya CHIKWANGWANI R & amp; D ndi Industrialization anayamba mochedwa, R & amp; D idayamba mu 2006, 2013 idayamba kulowa mugawo lothandiza, ndikubwezeretsa mpweya waku Korea waku Korea kutengera zomwe zikuchitika. Kwa gulu laku South Korea la xiaoxing ndi Bizinesi ya Taiguang monga woimira mpainiya wamakampani omwe adachita nawo gawo lamakampani opanga kaboni fiber, chitukuko champhamvu ndichamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, maziko opangira kaboni fiber omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Toray Japan ku Korea nawonso athandizira msika wa carbon fiber ku Korea komweko.
Boma la Korea lasankha kupanga gulu la xiaoxing A kukhala malo osonkhanira amakampani opanga ma carbon fiber. Cholinga ndi kupanga carbon CHIKWANGWANI chuma tsango makampani, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chilengedwe kulenga zachuma m'dera lonse North, cholinga chachikulu ndi kupanga mpweya CHIKWANGWANI zakuthupi → mbali → anamaliza mankhwala amodzi amasiya kupanga unyolo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa carbon CHIKWANGWANI makulitsidwe tsango akhoza zikugwirizana ndi Silicon Valley mu United States, pompani misika yatsopano, kulenga mtengo anawonjezera, Kukwaniritsa chandamale cha $ 10 biliyoni CHIKWANGWANI kugulitsa katundu wa $ 10 biliyoni. 55.2 biliyoni) pofika 2020.
3. kusanthula kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wa carbon fiber ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku
Ndimeyi imawerengera mapepala a SCI okhudzana ndi kafukufuku wa carbon fiber ndi zotsatira za DII patent kuyambira 2010, kuti athe kusanthula kafukufuku wamaphunziro ndi kafukufuku wamafakitale ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yapadziko lonse lapansi ya carbon fiber panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikumvetsetsa bwino momwe kafukufuku wa carbon fiber ndi chitukuko padziko lonse lapansi akuyendera.
Deta yochokera ku nkhokwe ya Scie ndi Dewent database muwebusayiti ya Science database yofalitsidwa ndi Clarivate Analytics; nthawi yobweretsera nthawi: 2010-2017; Tsiku lobwezera: February 1, 2018.
SCI Paper Retrieval Strategy: Ts=((carbonfibre* or Carbonfiber*) or ("Carbon fiber*" not"carbon Fiberglass") kapena "carbon fiber*" or "carbonfilament*" kapena ((polyacrylonitrile or pitch) and "precursor*" andfiber*) or ("graphite fiber*")) osati ()"bambo").
Dewent Patent Search Strategy: Ti=((carbonfibre* or Carbonfiber*) or ("Carbon fiber*" not"carbon Fiberglass") kapena "carbon fiber*" or "carbonfilament*" kapena (((polyacrylonitrile or pitch) and "precursor*" andfiber*) or ("graphite fiber*")) osati (") carbon fiber*(carbon*( carbon) or carbon*( carbon) or carbon*TS( carbon=( TS) or ("Carbon fiber*" osati"carbon Fiberglass") kapena "carbon fiber*" kapena "carbonfilament*" kapena ((polyacrylonitrile kapena phula) ndi "precursor*" andfiber*) kapena ("graphite fiber*")) osati ("nsungwi kaboni")) ndiIP=(D01F-009/12 kapena D01F30/7 kapena D01F303000 kapena D01F3000 D01F3000 kapena D01F30-700 D01F-009/14 kapena D01F-009/145or D01F-009/15 kapena D01F-009/155 kapena D01F-009/16 kapena D01F-009/17 kapena D01F-009/18 kapenaD01F-009/20 kapena D01F-009/20 D01F-009/22 or D01F-009/24 or D01F-009/26 orD01F-09/28 or D01F-009/30 or D01F-009/32 or C08K-007/02 or C08J-005/26 orD01F-09/28 or D01F-009/30 or D01F-009/32 or C08K-007/02 or C08J-005/005/04-04/304/30-304/30-304/30/30/16 kapena D06M-101/40 kapena D21H-013/50 kapena H01H-001/027 orH01R-039/24).
3.1 njira
Kuyambira mchaka cha 2010, mapepala okwana 16,553 asindikizidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zovomerezeka zokwana 26390 zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zonse zikuwonetsa kukwera kokhazikika chaka ndi chaka (Chithunzi 1).
3.2 Kugawa dziko kapena dera
Mabungwe apamwamba 10 omwe ali ndi pepala lalikulu kwambiri la kafukufuku wa carbon fiber padziko lonse akuchokera ku China, omwe 5 apamwamba ndi awa: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Northwestern University of Technology, University of Donghua, Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Pakati pa mabungwe akunja, Indian Institute of Technology, University of Tokyo, University of Bristol, University of Monash, University of Manchester ndi Georgia Institute of Technology Rank pakati pa 10 ~ 20 (mkuyu 3).
Chiwerengero cha ntchito patent mu pamwamba 30 mabungwe, Japan ali 5, ndipo 3 mwa iwo ali pamwamba asanu, Toray kampani pachikhalidwe choyamba, kenako Mitsubishi Liyang (2), Teijin (4), East State (10), Japan Toyo Textile Company (24), China ali 21 mabungwe, Sinopec Gulu ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma patents, Harnan kampani yachitatu, Kebinn, kampani yachitatu ya Technology. Donghua University, China Shanghai Petrochemical, Beijing Chemical Viwanda, etc., Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanxi Malasha application invention Patent 66, pa nambala 27, South Korea mabungwe ndi 2, amene Xiaoxing Co., Ltd. pa malo oyamba, kusanja 8.
linanena bungwe mabungwe, linanena bungwe pepala makamaka ku mayunivesite ndi mabungwe kafukufuku sayansi, patent linanena bungwe makamaka ku kampani, Tingaone kuti mpweya CHIKWANGWANI kupanga ndi makampani zamakono, monga thupi lalikulu la mpweya CHIKWANGWANI R & amp; d Development Viwanda, kampani amaona kufunika kwambiri chitetezo cha mpweya CHIKWANGWANI R & amp; d teknoloji, makamaka makampani akuluakulu a 2 ku Japan, Chiwerengero cha zovomerezeka chili patsogolo kwambiri.
3.4 Malo opangira kafukufuku
Mapepala ofufuza za kaboni fiber amaphimba mitu yofufuza kwambiri: Zophatikizira za kaboni fiber (kuphatikiza zophatikiza zolimbitsa kaboni, zopangira ma polymer matrix, ndi zina), kafukufuku wamakina, kusanthula komaliza, ma carbon nanotubes, delamination, kulimbikitsa, kutopa, microstructure, electrostatic spinning, chithandizo chapamwamba, adsorp. Mapepala okhudzana ndi mawu osakirawa amakhala ndi 38.8% ya mapepala onse.
Ma Patent opanga kaboni fiber amaphimba mitu yambiri yokhudzana ndi kukonzekera kwa kaboni fiber, zida zopangira ndi zida zophatikizika. Pakati pawo, Japan Toray, Mitsubishi Liyang, Teijin ndi makampani ena "carbon CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa polima mankhwala" m'munda wa masanjidwe zofunika luso, kuwonjezera, Toray ndi Mitsubishi Liyang mu "Polyacrylonitrile kupanga mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi zipangizo kupanga", "ndi unsaturated nitrile, monga polyacrylonitrile, polydevinylidene fiber ndi carbonethylecyanine kupanga ndi carbon methyl gawo lalikulu la masanjidwe a patent, ndipo kampani yaku Japan ya Teijin mu "carbon fiber ndi oxygen kompositi" ili ndi gawo lalikulu la masanjidwe a patent.
China Sinopec Gulu, Beijing Chemical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zida mu "polyacrylonitrile kupanga mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi zipangizo kupanga" ali ndi gawo lalikulu la masanjidwe patent; Komanso, Beijing University of Chemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanxi malasha Chemical Institute ndi Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo zipangizo kiyi Kamangidwe "Kugwiritsa ntchito organic element CHIKWANGWANI monga zosakaniza polima pawiri kukonzekera" luso ali Harbin Institute of Technology limafotokoza masanjidwe a "carbon CHIKWANGWANI mankhwala", "mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi mpweya wokhala ndi nsanganizo pawiri" ndi umisiri wina.
Kuphatikiza apo, zimapezeka kuchokera ku ziwerengero zapachaka zogawa ziwerengero za ma patent padziko lonse lapansi kuti malo angapo atsopano otentha ayamba kuonekera m'zaka zitatu zapitazi, monga: "Zolemba za polyamides zomwe zimapezeka pakupanga mapangidwe a carboxylate chomangira mu unyolo waukulu", "zolemba za polyester kuchokera pakupanga 1 carboxylic acid ester zomangira", zomangira zakuthupi "zopanga" zomangira "zomangira zamkati" asidi carboxylic munali mankhwala okosijeni monga zosakaniza mpweya CHIKWANGWANI composites ", "mu mawonekedwe atatu azithunzithunzi za solidification kapena mankhwala a nsalu nsalu", "unsaturated efa, acetal, theka-acetal, ketone kapena aldehyde kupyolera yekha mpweya mpweya unsaturated chomangira chomangira kupanga polima Compounds", "adiabatic zinthu chitoliro cha phosphate kapena zitsulo zopangira" zitsulo zopangira phosphate, "adiabatic material chitoliro"
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, R & amp; d mu gawo la carbon fiber yatulukira, ndi zopambana zambiri zomwe zimachokera ku United States ndi Japan Njira zamakono zamakono zamakono sizimangoyang'ana pa kupanga mpweya wa carbon fiber ndi luso lokonzekera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zamagalimoto, monga zopepuka, zosindikizira za 3D, ndi zipangizo zopangira magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu za carbon fiber, kukonza nkhuni za lignin carbon fiber ndi zina zomwe zapindula zimakhala ndi maso owala. Zotsatira zoyimilira zafotokozedwa pansipa:
1) US Georgia Institute of Technology imaphwanya matekinoloje amtundu wachitatu wa carbon fiber
Mu July 2015, ndi ndalama DARPA, Georgia Institute of Technology, ndi luso poto ofotokoza mpweya CHIKWANGWANI gel osakaniza njira kupota, kwambiri anawonjezera modulus wake, kuposa Hershey IM7 Mpweya wa Mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, amene tsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege zankhondo, chosonyeza dziko lachiwiri mu dziko kuti adziwe m'badwo wachitatu wa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI luso pambuyo Japan.
Kulimba kwamphamvu kwa gelisi yozungulira kaboni fiber yopangidwa ndi Kumarz imafika pa 5.5 mpaka 5.8Gpa, ndipo ma tensile modulus ali pakati pa 354-375gpa. "Ichi ndiye fiber yopitirira yomwe yanenedwa ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri komanso modulus yogwira ntchito kwambiri.
2) Tekinoloje yotentha yamagetsi yamagetsi
Mu 2014, Nedo adapanga ukadaulo wamagetsi otenthetsera magetsi. Tekinoloje yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi imatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi otenthetsera mafunde amagetsi ku carbonization ulusi pamagetsi amlengalenga. Kugwira ntchito kwa kaboni fiber kumakhala kofanana ndi mpweya wa kaboni wopangidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, modulus yotanuka imatha kufika kupitirira 240GPA, ndipo elongation panthawi yopuma ndi yoposa 1.5%, ndiko kupambana koyamba padziko lapansi.
Zinthu zonga fiber zimatenthedwa ndi ma electromagnetic wave, kotero kuti zida za ng'anjo ya carbonization zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcha kutentha sizifunikira. Njirayi sikuti imangochepetsa nthawi yofunikira pakupanga kaboni, komanso imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mpweya wa CO2.
3) kuwongolera bwino kwa njira ya carbonization
Mu Marichi 2014, Toray adalengeza zakukula bwino kwa t1100g carbon fiber. Toray amagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe poto njira kupota luso bwino kulamulira ndondomeko carbonization, kusintha microstructure wa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI pa nanoscale, kulamulira graphite microcrystalline kulunjika, microcrystalline kukula, zolakwika ndi zina zotero mu CHIKWANGWANI pambuyo carbonization, kuti mphamvu ndi zotanuka modulus akhoza kwambiri bwino. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya t1100g ndi 6.6GPa, yomwe ndi 12% yapamwamba kuposa ya T800, ndipo modulus yotanuka ndi 324GPa ndikuwonjezeka ndi 10%, yomwe ikulowa mu gawo la mafakitale.
4) Ukadaulo Wamankhwala Pamwamba
Teijin East State yapanga bwino ukadaulo wamankhwala a plasma omwe amatha kuwongolera mawonekedwe a kaboni fiber mumasekondi ochepa chabe. Ukadaulo watsopanowu umapangitsa kuti ntchito yonseyo ikhale yosavuta komanso imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo womwe ulipo wamankhwala opangira ma electrolyte amadzimadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha plasma, zidapezeka kuti kumamatira kwa fiber ndi resin matrix kunalinso bwino.
5) phunzirani pa kuchuluka kwa kusungirako kwamphamvu kwa kaboni CHIKWANGWANI champhamvu m'malo otentha kwambiri a graphite
Zida za Ningbo zidachita kafukufuku mwatsatanetsatane pakusanthula ndondomeko, kafukufuku wamapangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa kwamphamvu kwapakhomo komanso njira yayitali ya carbon fiber, makamaka ntchito yofufuza pa kusungidwa kwa mpweya wa carbon fiber kosunthika kumphamvu kwa kutentha kwa graphite, komanso kukonzekera bwino kwaposachedwa kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso apamwamba apamwamba a modulus kaboni fiber ndi mphamvu zamakokedwe 5.24GPa ndi ma tensile modulus voliyumu, 593GPa ikupitilizabe kukhala ndi mphamvu yaku Japan, 593GPa ikupitilizabe kukhala ndi mphamvu yaku Japan. m60j yamphamvu kwambiri yopangidwa ndi kaboni fiber (mphamvu yamphamvu 3.92GPa, tensile modulus 588GPa).
6) Microwave Graphite
Yongda Advanced Materials ali bwinobwino anayamba United States yekha setifiketi kopitilira muyeso-mkulu kutentha graphite luso, kupanga sing'anga ndi apamwamba-kuti mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, bwinobwino anathyola zopinga zitatu pa chitukuko cha mkulu-kuti mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, zida graphite ndi okwera mtengo ndi pansi pa ulamuliro wa mayiko, yaiwisi silika mankhwala mavuto luso, kupanga zokolola otsika ndi mkulu. Pakadali pano, Yongda yapanga mitundu 3 ya ulusi wa kaboni, zonse zomwe zakweza mphamvu ndi modulus zamtundu wochepa wa carbon fiber mpaka kutalika kwatsopano.
7) Njira yatsopano yosungunulira kupota kwa waya wopangidwa ndi kaboni fiber yaiwisi yolembedwa ndi Fraunhofer, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymers (Applied polima Research, IAP) posachedwapa inalengeza kuti idzawonetsa zamakono zamakono a Comcarbon pa Berlin Air Show Ila pa April 2018 25, 29th. Tekinolojeyi imachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wopangira mpweya wopangidwa ndi kaboni wambiri.
Mkuyu. 4 Waya waiwisi wosungunuka wopota.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mwachikhalidwe, theka la mtengo wopangira mpweya wopangidwa ndi pan-based carbon fiber umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga waya waiwisi. Poona kulephera kwa waya yaiwisi kusungunuka, iyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodula njira yopota (Solution Spinning). "Kuti tikwaniritse izi, tapanga njira yatsopano yopangira silika yaiwisi ya pan-based, yomwe ingachepetse mtengo wopangira waya waiwisi ndi 60%. Iyi ndi njira yopangira ndalama komanso yotheka kusungunuka, pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa mwapadera opangidwa ndi poto-based copolymer. "Dr. Johannes Ganster, Minister of biological Polymers ku Fraunhofer IAP Institute, adalongosola.
8) Ukadaulo wa plasma oxidation
4M Carbon fiber inalengeza kuti idzagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya plasma oxidation kupanga ndi kugulitsa mpweya wapamwamba, wotsika mtengo wa carbon fiber monga njira yowunikira, osati kungopereka chilolezo chaukadaulo. 4M imanena kuti ukadaulo wa plasma oxidation ndi nthawi 3 mwachangu kuposa ukadaulo wamakono wa okosijeni, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kosakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aukadaulo wamba. Ndipo zonenazi zatsimikiziridwa ndi opanga ma carbon fiber ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe akukambirana ndi angapo opanga ma carbon fiber ndi opanga ma automaker ambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti atenge nawo gawo ngati oyambitsa kupanga ma fiber otsika mtengo.
9) Ma cellulose Nano fiber
The Kyoto University of Japan, pamodzi ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zingapo sapulaya monga magetsi unsembe kampani (Toyota yaikulu katundu) ndi Daikyonishikawa Corp., akugwira ntchito pa chitukuko cha zipangizo pulasitiki kuti kuphatikiza mapadi nanofibers, Nkhaniyi amapangidwa ndi kuswa zamkati nkhuni mu microns ochepa (1 pa chikwi mamilimita). Kulemera kwa zinthu zatsopano ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a kulemera kwa chitsulo, koma mphamvu zake ndizowirikiza kasanu kuposa zitsulo.
10) mpweya CHIKWANGWANI kutsogolo thupi la polyolefin ndi lignin zipangizo
Bungwe la Oak Ridge National Laboratory ku United States lakhala likugwira ntchito yofufuza zotsika mtengo za carbon fiber kuyambira 2007, ndipo apanga matupi a carbon fiber kutsogolo kwa polyolefin ndi lignin yaiwisi, komanso matekinoloje apamwamba a plasma pre-oxidation ndi ma microwave carbonization.
11) Polima watsopano (polima wotsogola) adapangidwa pochotsa chithandizo chamankhwala
Mu njira yopangira motsogozedwa ndi University of Tokyo, polima yatsopano (yotsogola polima) yapangidwa kuti ichotsere chithandizo chamankhwala. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti itatha kupota polima kukhala silika, sichichita chithandizo choyambirira, koma chimapangitsa kuti oxidize mu zosungunulira. Chipangizo chotenthetsera ma microwave chimatenthedwa kupitilira 1000 ℃ kuti apange carbonization. Kutentha nthawi kumatenga mphindi 2-3 zokha. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha carbonization, plasma imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochita chithandizo chapamwamba, kuti mpweya wa carbon upangidwe. Chithandizo cha plasma chimatenga mphindi zosachepera ziwiri. Mwanjira iyi, nthawi yoyambira ya sintering ya mphindi 30-60 imatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala mphindi zisanu. Mu njira yatsopano yopangira, chithandizo cha plasma chimapangidwa kuti chiwongolere mgwirizano pakati pa mpweya wa kaboni ndi utomoni wa thermoplastic ngati CFRP. Makina olimba a carbon fiber opangidwa ndi njira yatsopano yopangira ndi 240GPa, mphamvu yamphamvu ndi 3.5GPa ndipo elongation imafika 1.5%. Miyezo iyi ndi yofanana ndi ya Toray Universal grade carbon fiber T300 yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamasewera, ndi zina.
12) Kubwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida za kaboni fiber pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya bedi ya fluidized
Mengran Meng, wolemba woyamba wa phunziroli, anati: "Kubwezeretsa mpweya wa mpweya kumachepetsa mphamvu ya chilengedwe poyerekeza ndi kupanga mpweya wa carbon fiber, koma pali chidziwitso chochepa cha umisiri wobwezeretsanso komanso kuthekera kwachuma chobwezeretsanso carbon fiber." njira. Njirazi zimachotsa gawo la pulasitiki la zinthu zophatikizika, ndikusiya mpweya wa carbon, womwe ukhoza kusandulika kukhala matayala osakanikirana ndi makina opangira mapepala onyowa, kapena kukonzedwanso kukhala ulusi wolunjika.
Ofufuzawa adawerengera kuti mpweya wa carbon ukhoza kubwezeredwa kuchokera ku zinyalala za carbon fiber pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya bedi yamadzimadzi, yomwe imafuna madola 5 okha / kg ndi zosakwana 10% za mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kupanga mpweya woyamba wa carbon. Ulusi wa kaboni wobwezerezedwanso wopangidwa ndi njira za bedi zamadzimadzi sizichepetsa modulus, ndipo kulimba kwamphamvu kumachepetsedwa ndi 18% mpaka 50% poyerekeza ndi ulusi woyamba wa kaboni, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuuma kwakukulu m'malo mwa mphamvu. "Mitambo ya carbon yowonjezeredwa ingakhale yoyenera ku ntchito zosamalidwa zomwe zimafuna zopepuka, monga mafakitale a magalimoto, zomangamanga, mphepo ndi masewera," adatero Meng.
13) Tekinoloje yatsopano yobwezeretsanso carbon fiber yopangidwa ku United States
June 2016, ofufuza ku Georgia Institute of Technology ku United States anaviika mpweya CHIKWANGWANI mu zosungunulira munali mowa kupasuka utomoni epoxy, ulusi wolekanitsidwa ndi utomoni epoxy angagwiritsidwenso ntchito, bwino kuzindikira mpweya CHIKWANGWANI kuchira.
July 2017, Washington State University nayenso anayamba luso mpweya CHIKWANGWANI kuchira luso, ntchito asidi ofooka monga chothandizira, ntchito Mowa madzi pa kutentha ndi otsika kuwola zipangizo thermosetting, decomposed mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi utomoni zimasungidwa mosiyana, ndipo akhoza kuikidwa mu kubalana.
14) Kupanga ukadaulo wa inki yosindikizira ya 3D mu labotale ya LLNL, USA
Mu Marichi 2017, bungwe la Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory (LLNL) ku United States linapanga zida zoyamba za 3D zosindikizidwa zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zopanga mpweya wa carbon fiber. Anagwiritsa ntchito njira yosindikizira ya 3D yotumizira inki yolunjika (DIW) kuti apange zinthu zovuta zamitundu itatu zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kuthamanga kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamipikisano yamagalimoto, mlengalenga, chitetezo, ndi njinga zamoto ndi kusefera.
15) United States, Korea ndi China zimagwirizana pakupanga mpweya wa carbon fiber kuti apange mphamvu
Mu Ogasiti 2017, kampasi ya Dallas ya University of Texas, University of Hanyang ku Korea, Yunivesite ya Nankai ku China ndi mabungwe ena adagwirizana pakupanga zida za carbon fiber zopangira magetsi. Ulusiwo umayamba kuviikidwa mu njira za electrolyte monga brine, zomwe zimalola ma ion mu electrolyte kuti agwirizane ndi mpweya wa carbon nanotubes, womwe ukhoza kusandulika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pamene ulusi umakhala wolimba kapena kutambasula. Zinthuzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo aliwonse okhala ndi mphamvu zodalirika za kinetic ndipo ndizoyenera kupereka mphamvu ku masensa a IoT.
16) Kupita patsogolo kwatsopano pakufufuza kwa nkhuni za lignin carbon fiber zopezedwa ndi China ndi America motsatana
Mu March 2017, gulu lapadera la fiber la Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology ndi engineering linakonza copolymer ya lignin-acrylonitrile yokhala ndi spinnability yabwino komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito esterification ndi free radical copolymerization teknoloji yosintha magawo awiri. Ubwino wapamwamba wopitilira ulusi udapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito copolymer ndi njira yonyowa yopota, ndipo compact carbon fiber idalandiridwa pambuyo pa kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi chithandizo cha carbonization.
Mu Ogasiti 2017, gulu lofufuza la Birgitte ahring ku University of Washington ku United States linasakaniza lignin ndi polyacrylonitrile mosiyanasiyana, kenako linagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosungunula wosungunula kutembenuza ma polima osakanikirana kukhala ma fiber a carbon. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti lignin yowonjezeredwa ku 20% ~ 30% sinakhudze mphamvu ya carbon fiber ndipo imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipangizo zotsika mtengo za carbon fiber kwa ziwalo zamagalimoto kapena ndege.
Kumapeto kwa 2017, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) inatulutsa kafukufuku wokhudza kupanga acrylonitrile pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za zomera, monga udzu wa chimanga ndi udzu wa tirigu. Poyamba amathyola zinthu za zomera kukhala shuga, kenako n’kuzisandutsa ma asidi, n’kuziphatikiza ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo zopangira zinthu zomwe akufuna.
17) Japan imapanga chiwongolero choyambirira cha kaboni cholimbitsa thermoplastic composite car chassis
October 2017, Japan latsopano mphamvu makampani luso Integrated R & amp; d Agency ndi Nagoya University National Composites Research Center adapanga bwino chassis yoyamba yapadziko lapansi ya carbon fiber yolimbitsa thermoplastic composite carchassis. Amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina aatali opangidwa ndi thermoplastic molunjika pa intaneti, kusakanikirana kwa kaboni fiber ndi thermoplastic resin particles kusanganikirana, kupanga makina opangidwa ndi CHIKWANGWANI amalimbitsa, ndiyeno kudzera pakutentha ndi kusungunula kugwirizana, kupanga bwino kwa galimoto yamoto ya thermoplastic CFRP.
5. malingaliro pa R & D zaukadaulo wa carbon fiber ku China
5.1 Kamangidwe koyang'ana kutsogolo, kolunjika, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakudutsa m'badwo wachitatu waukadaulo wa carbon fiber
China m'badwo wachiwiri mpweya CHIKWANGWANI luso akadali wopambana mabuku, dziko lathu liyenera kuyesetsa kukhala patsogolo masanjidwe kuti adzabweretsa pamodzi pamwamba mabungwe athu oyenerera kafukufuku, lolunjika pa analanda matekinoloje kiyi, cholinga cha m'badwo wachitatu wa mkulu-ntchito mpweya CHIKWANGWANI kukonzekera luso luso kafukufuku ndi chitukuko (ie ntchito kwa Azamlengalenga mkulu mphamvu, mkulu modulus mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi carbon CHIKWANGWANI teknoloji, ndi kukonza makina opangira carbon fiber composite, ndi kukonza makina opangidwa ndi carbon fiber composite, komanso kukonza makina a carbon fiber composite). chopepuka, chotsika mtengo chachikulu chokokera kaboni CHIKWANGWANI chokonzekera, ukadaulo wopangira zowonjezera kaboni fiber composite zakuthupi, ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso komanso matekinoloje ofulumira a prototyping.
5.2 Kugwirizanitsa bungwe, kulimbikitsa chithandizo, kukhazikitsa ntchito zazikulu zaumisiri kuti zipitirize kuthandizira kafukufuku wogwirizana
Pakali pano, pali mabungwe ambiri kuchita kafukufuku mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ku China, koma mphamvu omwazika, ndipo palibe ogwirizana R & amp; d ndondomeko ya bungwe ndi chithandizo champhamvu chandalama kuti athe kugwirizanitsa bwino. Potengera zochitika zachitukuko za mayiko otsogola, kulinganiza ndi masanjidwe a ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimathandizira kwambiri kulimbikitsa chitukuko chaukadaulo uwu. Tiyenera kuganizira China Ubwino R & amp; d Mphamvu, poona China cha mpweya CHIKWANGWANI yojambula yojambula R & amp; d ukadaulo woyambitsa ntchito zazikulu, kulimbikitsa luso laukadaulo, komanso kulimbikitsa luso laukadaulo laukadaulo waku China waku China, mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi wa kaboni fiber ndi gulu.
5.3 Kupititsa patsogolo njira yowunika momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito pazochita zaukadaulo
Kuchokera kumalingaliro a kusanthula kwachuma kwa mapepala a SCI, China cha carbon fiber monga zida zogwira ntchito zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana a kafukufuku, koma pakupanga mpweya wa kaboni ndi luso lokonzekera, makamaka poyang'ana kuchepetsa ndalama, kupititsa patsogolo kupanga kafukufuku wochepa. Kupanga mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndondomeko yaitali, luso mfundo kiyi, zotchinga mkulu kupanga, ndi Mipikisano chilango, Mipikisano umisiri kusakanikirana, ayenera kudutsa zopinga luso, kuti bwino kulimbikitsa "mtengo wotsika, mkulu ntchito" pachimake kukonzekera luso kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, pa dzanja limodzi, ayenera kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndalama, Komano, ayenera kufooketsa munda wa kafukufuku wa sayansi kuwunika ntchito, kulimbitsa ntchito kuunikira ntchito, kulimbikitsa ntchito kuunikira ntchito kuunikira ntchito, kulimbikitsa ntchito kuunikira ntchito kuunikira ntchito kuwunika luso ndi kusanthula ntchito, kuwunika kwa "quantitative", komwe kumayang'anira kufalitsa kwa pepala, kuwunika kwa "quality" pamtengo wa zotsatira.
5.4 Kulimbikitsa kukulitsa luso laukadaulo lamakono
The mkulu-chatekinoloje khalidwe la mpweya CHIKWANGWANI luso zimatsimikizira kufunika kwa matalente apadera, kaya ndi kudula-m'mphepete pachimake akatswiri ogwira ntchito mwachindunji chimatsimikizira mlingo wa R & amp; D wa bungwe.
Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wa carbon fiber R & D maulalo, tiyenera kulabadira maphunziro a ogwira ntchito pagulu, kuti tiwonetsetse kulumikizana ndi chitukuko cha maulalo onse. Komanso, ku mbiri ya chitukuko cha kafukufuku mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ku China, otaya luso akatswiri pachimake nthawi zambiri chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa R & amp; d mlingo wa bungwe lofufuza. Kusunga kukhazikika kwa akatswiri pachimake ndi R & amp; d magulu pakupanga, zophatikizika ndi zinthu zazikulu ndizofunikira pakukweza kwaukadaulo kosalekeza.
Tiyenera kupitiriza kulimbikitsa maphunziro ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwaukadaulo wapamwamba ogwira ntchito imeneyi, kusintha kuwunika ndi ndondomeko mankhwala kwa Technology R & amp; d matalente, kulimbikitsa kulima matalente achinyamata, mwachangu kuthandiza mgwirizano ndi kuphana ndi yachilendo patsogolo R & amp; d mabungwe, ndikuyambitsa mwamphamvu maluso apamwamba akunja, ndi zina zotero. Izi zidzathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kafukufuku wa carbon fiber ku China.
Yotengedwa kuchokera ku-
Kuwunika pakukula kwaukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa carbon fiber ndi kuunikira kwake ku China. Tian Yajuan,Zhang Zhiqiang,Tao Cheng,Yang ming,Ba jin,Chen Yunwei.World Sci-Tech R & D.2018
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-04-2018