ʻO ka manawa Beijing ʻAukake 12 3:31 PM, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea ʻike maka ʻo Historic Park Sun (Parker Solar Probe) ma Cape Canaveral Air Force Base slc-37b e Delta 4 nā pōhaku koʻikoʻi. Ma hope o ka 43-minuke lele, oiai ka manawa i ike i ke kolu o ka pae i manaoia nalo o ka thrilling manawa, laki ka hope loa kokoke nalo, Parker detector pomaikai kaawale mai ka rocket, kau wāwae ma ke alanui lōʻihi i ka lā, a pela wehe i ka hou huakaʻi o kanaka exploration o ka lā!
ʻIke Lā
Paena hoʻolana
No ka hana ʻana i ka moʻolelo honua e hiki ai i kahi kokoke loa i ka lā, pono nā kānaka e ʻimi i nā mea hiki ke kū i nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka wela kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia inā ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana pale wela (TPS), ʻaʻohe Parker. Wahi a ka papahana, e komo ʻo Parker i 4 miliona mau mile mai ka ili o ka lā (6.11 miliona km). I mea e hoʻololi ai i kēia kaiapuni wela loa, e lawe ka mea ʻike i kahi pale wela composite, e kū ka dome i ka ʻālohilohi mai ka lā. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka pale wela ma 10 mau makahiki i hala.
Inā ʻoe he 1 mika square satellite ma ka honua orbit, a ʻo ka ikehu o ka lā ma kahi o 1350 watts e hiki aku ai iā ʻoe, akā ʻo Parker ma kahi o 25 mau manawa kokoke i kēia kūlana, ʻo ia ma kahi o 850,000 watts o ka wela no ka mika square. Inā helu ʻia ka ʻāpana, pono ka ʻimi ʻana o ka lā o Parker e kū ma kahi o 3 miliona watts o ka ikehu. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pale wela o ka mea ʻike ma ke ʻano he Thermal Protection system (TPS), ʻelua mau papa hana i hoʻonui ʻia i ke kalapona a me kahi pahu kalapona me kahi puʻupuʻu waena ma kahi o 4.5 iniha (11.43cm). ʻO ka pale wela e kū pono ana i ka Lā he uhi keʻokeʻo kūikawā e hōʻike i ka ikehu mai ka lā e like me ka hiki. ʻAʻole kū i ka 2,500 degere Fahrenheit (ma kahi o 1371 ℃) a e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o ka mea kani ma kahi o 85 degere Fahrenheit (ma kahi o 30 ℃).
"Inā aia kēia hana i nā makahiki 60 a hiki i nā makahiki 70, ʻoiai ke kau ʻia nei i ka makahiki 80, hiki ke lele i nā metala wela wela," wahi a Driesman. "E kūkulu nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka metala Jerdon me kahi kiʻekiʻe loa e hoʻoheheʻe ai, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻouna i ka lani, no ka mea, ua kaumaha loa ka metala. "ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā kalapona kalapona kalepa, ʻaʻole polymerized kā lākou kalapona kalapona i ka resins paʻakikī no ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā resins paʻakikī kokoke i ka lā e like me ka aila ma nā alanui wela," wahi āna. ʻO ka umu 3,000-degere, a hana hou i ke kaʻina hana 4 a 5 mau manawa "I ka hopena e loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kalapona i hoʻopuni ʻia a puni ʻoe. ʻO ke kalapona kalapona a mākou e kamaʻilio nei he kalapona maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe resins a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. "ʻO nāʻaoʻao mua a me hope o ka pale wela i hanaʻia me kēia carbon-carbon plate, kahi i hoʻohuiʻia i ka hoʻopiliʻiaʻana, he ikaika ikaika loa ka mechanical." He lahilahi nā ʻāpana kalapona kalapona ʻelua i hiki ke kūlou a hili. Ma waenakonu o kahi mea kalapona kalapona ʻelua ʻāpana, kahi ʻāpana o kahi 4.5 iniha o ka pahu kalapona, i hoʻohana mau ʻia i kēia manawa i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau e hana i nā iwi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ka hoʻolālā sandwich i ka pahu pahu pahu e like me ka corrugated-he 160 paona wale nō ke kaumaha (ma kahi o 73kg) no ka pale wela 8 kapuaʻi-mānoanoa.
ʻO Foam ka mea koʻikoʻi loa o ka hana insulation pale thermal. Akā, ʻo 97% o ka pahu kalapona he ea, i mea e hoʻemi hou ai i ke kaumaha o nā ʻimi ākea. ʻO ke kalapona ponoʻī he thermally conductive, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻūhā ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole nui ka wela e hoʻouna ʻia. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā pōpō, palupalu loa lākou. Akā aia kekahi pilikia. "Ke wela lākou, wela lākou." "wahi a Abela. ʻAʻole pilikia nui ka puhi ʻana i loko o kahi hakahaka, akā ʻo ke koena o ka ea i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻā nā ʻōhū i loko o ka lanahu. ke ākea, ʻo ke ala wale nō e hoʻopau ai i ka wela, ʻo ia ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka mālamalama a hoʻokuʻu i ka wela ma ke ʻano o nā photons No laila, pono ʻia kahi papa pale ʻē aʻe: hoʻohana ʻia kahi papa pale keʻokeʻo e hōʻike i ka wela a me ka māmā.
ʻO Parker Solar Detector pale wela hoʻolālā schematic diagram
I kēia hopena, ua hoʻokumu ka Applied Physics Laboratory ma Johns Hopkins University a me ka Advanced Technology Laboratory o ke Kula ʻo Whiting School of Engineering (Advanced Technology Laboratory in Johns Hopkins University 's whiting School Engineering) i hui pū ʻana o nā hui loea o ka thermal insulating coating super luxury teams, me ka hui noiʻi ʻana o ka uhi ʻana o nā seramika kiʻekiʻe, kemika a me ka plasma spraying coatings. Ma o ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana, ua koho ka hui i ka papa keʻokeʻo o ka pale ma muli o ka alumina. Akā, e hina ana ka papa pale i loko o kahi kiʻekiʻe wela me ka hopena kalapona, no laila ua hoʻohui nā mea ʻenehana i kahi papa o tungsten i ka waena, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma mua o ka lauoho, a uhi ʻia ma waena o ka pale wela a me ka pale keʻokeʻo e pale i ka pilina ma waena o nā papa ʻelua. Hoʻohui pū lākou i kahi mea hana nano-doping e hana i nā pale keʻokeʻo a pale i ka hoʻonui wela o nā mea alumina. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dennis Nagle, ʻenehana noiʻi nui ma ka Center for Systems Science a me ka ʻenekinia, ʻo ka mea maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā seramika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uhi paʻa, akā nahā ka mea i ka wā e hahau ʻia me ka hāmare. I ka mahana e alo ai ka Parker, haki ka uhi paheʻe me he puka aniani lā. No laila, hiki i nā uhi porous ke kū i kēia kaiapuni koʻikoʻi. Ke puka mai nā māwae i loko o nā uhi porous, kū nā māwae ke hiki i nā pores. ʻO ka uhi ʻia he mau ʻāpana granular koʻikoʻi- lawa e ʻae i kahi hui o nā ʻāpana seramika e hōʻike i ke kukui nalowale mai kahi papa ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-15-2018