Nthawi ya Beijing Ogasiti 12 3:31 PM, chowunikira cha Historic Park Sun (Parker Solar Probe) pa Cape Canaveral Air Force Base slc-37b chinayambika pang'ono ndi maroketi olemera a Delta 4. Pambuyo paulendo wa mphindi 43, ngakhale kuti nthawiyi idakumana ndi gawo lachitatu la kutayika kwa mphindi yosangalatsa, mwamwayi ndiye malo oyandikira kwambiri ophonya, chowunikira cha Parker cholekanitsidwa bwino ndi roketi, kuponda panjira yayitali yopita kudzuwa, ndipo potero adatsegula ulendo watsopano wa kuwunika kwa dzuwa kwa anthu!
Sun Detector
Tsegulani tsamba
Kuti apange mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti ifike kufupi ndi dzuwa, anthu amayenera kupeza zida zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komwe sikunachitikepo. Zinganenedwe kuti ngati palibe njira yotetezera kutentha (TPS), palibe Parker. Malinga ndi pulaniyo, Parker adzalowa ma kilomita 4 miliyoni kuchokera padzuwa (makilomita 6.11 miliyoni). Kuti zigwirizane ndi malo otentha kwambiriwa, chowunikiracho chimanyamula chishango cha kutentha chamagulu, dome imatha kupirira kuwala kochokera kudzuwa. Chishango cha kutentha sichikanapangidwa zaka 10 zapitazo.
Ngati muli satellite ya 1 square mita mumzungulira wa Earth, ndipo mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi pafupifupi ma Watts 1350 kuti ikufikireni, koma Parker ali pafupi nthawi 25 kuposa malo awa, omwe ndi pafupifupi ma Watts 850,000 a kutentha pa lalikulu mita. Ngati dera liwerengedwa, kafukufuku wa dzuwa wa Parker ayenera kupirira pafupifupi ma watts 3 miliyoni a mphamvu. Chishango cha kutentha kwa chowunikirachi chimadziwikanso kuti Thermal Protection system (TPS), chomwe chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zophatikizidwa ndi mpweya komanso mpweya wa kaboni wokhala ndi chotchinga chapakati cha mainchesi 4.5 (11.43cm). Chotchinga cha kutentha chomwe chikuyang'ana Dzuwa chimakhalanso ndi chophimba choyera chapadera chowonetsera mphamvu zochokera kudzuwa momwe zingathere. Chidachi sichimamva kutentha kwa madigiri 2,500 Fahrenheit (pafupifupi 1371 ℃) ndipo chimatsimikizira kuti chidachi chimagwira ntchito pafupifupi madigiri 85 Fahrenheit (pafupifupi 30 ℃).
"Ngati ntchitoyi inali m'zaka za m'ma 60 mpaka 70, ngakhale itatumizidwa ku 80, ndizotheka kuwuluka zitsulo zosagwira kutentha," adatero Driesman. "Asayansi adzamanga zitsulo Jerdon ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, koma osatumiza kumwamba, chifukwa chitsulocho ndi cholemera kwambiri. "Mosiyana ndi ulusi wambiri wa carbon-carbon, mawonekedwe awo a carbon-carbon si polymerized ndi utomoni woumitsa chifukwa utomoni wouma umatuluka pafupi ndi dzuwa ngati mafuta pamtunda wotentha, "adatero. Kuti chishango cha kutentha chikhale cholemera kwambiri. mu uvuni wa madigiri 3,000, ndikubwereza ndondomekoyi maulendo 4 mpaka 5 "Pamapeto pake mudzapeza mpweya wa carbon umene ukukutirani. Kapangidwe ka carbon-carbon yomwe tikukamba ndi carbon-carbon yoyera, yopanda utomoni ndi zinthu zina. "Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa chishango chotentha kumapangidwa ndi mbale iyi ya carbon-carbon, yomwe, kuwonjezera pa insulated, imakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina kwambiri." Zigawo ziwiri za mapepala a carbon-carbon ndizoonda kwambiri moti zimatha kupindika komanso kupindika. Pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zosanjikizana za carbon-carbon, wosanjikiza wa pafupifupi mainchesi 4.5 wa carbon thovu, amene tsopano ambiri ntchito zachipatala kupanga mafupa ena. Mapangidwe a sangweji amachirikiza katoni yonse ngati malata-omwe amalemera mapaundi 160 (pafupifupi 73kg) pachitetezo chonse cha kutentha kwa mapazi 8.
Foam ndiyenso mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo chachitetezo chamafuta. Koma 97% ya mpweya wa carbon ndi mpweya, pofuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ma probes mlengalenga. Mpweya wokhawokha umakhala wochititsa kutentha, ndipo mawonekedwe a thovu amatanthauzanso kuti palibe kutentha kochuluka komwe kumayenera kupatsirana. Ma Bubbles si osavuta kuyesa, ndi opepuka kwambiri. Koma pali vuto lina. "Zikatentha, zimapsa." "Anatero Abel. Kuwotcha si vuto lalikulu mu vacuum, koma mpweya wotsala mu mayeso udzachititsa thovu kuwotcha makala. Choncho, National Oak Ridge Laboratory Engineers ndi mkulu kutentha plasma arc nyali kuyesa kutentha chishango cha izi mpweya thovu kukana kutentha. The kusungunula matenthedwe amafunikira pazifukwa za mpweya wokwanira kuti azindikire kutentha kwa mpweya wokhawo. palibe kutayika kwa mpweya m'mlengalenga, njira yokhayo yothetsera kutentha ndiyo kufalitsa kuwala ndi kutulutsa kutentha mu mawonekedwe a photon Choncho, chingwe china chotetezera chikufunika: chotchinga choyera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza kutentha ndi kuwala.
Parker Solar Detector chowongolera chishango chotenthetsera chojambula
Kuti izi zitheke, Applied Physics Laboratory ku Johns Hopkins University ndi Advanced Technology Laboratory of the Whiting School of Engineering (Advanced Technology Laboratory in Johns Hopkins University 's whiting School Engineering) yapanga gulu la akatswiri a magulu aukadaulo oteteza kutentha kwamagulu apamwamba kwambiri, ndi kafukufuku wamagulu amadzi otentha kwambiri a plasma ceramics, mankhwala opopera. Kupyolera mu kuyesa kwina, gululo pamapeto pake linasankha chitetezo choyera chozikidwa pa alumina. Koma malo otetezerawo amadetsedwa kumalo otentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wa carbon, kotero akatswiri anawonjezera nsonga ya tungsten pakati, yopyapyala kuposa tsitsi, ndi yokutidwa pakati pa chishango cha kutentha ndi chishango choyera kuti asagwirizane pakati pa zigawo ziwirizo. Amawonjezeranso nano-doping wothandizira kuti zishango zizikhala zoyera ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa matenthedwe a alumina particles. Dennis Nagle, katswiri wofufuza kafukufuku pa Center for Systems Science and engineering, ananena kuti nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zoumba, timakonda zokutira zolimba, koma zomata zikagunda ndi nyundo. Pakutentha kwa Parker, chophimba chosalala chimasweka ngati zenera logundidwa ndi mwala. Choncho, ngakhale zokutira porous akhoza kupirira izi kwambiri. Pamene ming'alu imapezeka m'mabowo, ming'aluyo imasiya ikafika pores. Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zowoneka bwino-zokwanira kulola gulu la tinthu tating'onoting'ono tadothi kuti tiwonetse kuwala komwe kukusowa kuchokera pagawo lina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-15-2018