Oge Beijing August 12 3:31 Pm, ihe nchọpụta akụkọ ihe mere eme Park Sun (Parker Solar Probe) na Cape Canaveral Air Force Base slc-37b nke Delta 4 rọketị dị arọ malitere. Mgbe a 43-nkeji ụgbọ elu, ọ bụ ezie na oge ahụmahụ a nke atọ larịị nke na-enyo enyo ọnwụ nke na-akpali akpali oge, dabara nke ọma bụ kacha nso Agbaghara, Parker detector ọma kewapụrụ na rọketi, set ụkwụ na ogologo ụzọ anyanwụ, na otú meghere ọhụrụ njem nke mmadụ ịgagharị nke anyanwụ!
Onye nyocha anyanwụ
Mwepụta saịtị
Iji mepụta ndekọ ụwa iji ruo ebe kacha nso na anyanwụ, ndị mmadụ ga-achọta ihe ndị nwere ike iguzogide oke okpomọkụ na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya. Enwere ike ikwu na ọ bụrụ na enweghị usoro nchebe thermal (TPS), ọ nweghị Parker. Dịka atụmatụ ahụ siri dị, Parker ga-abanye 4 nde kilomita site na elu anyanwụ (6.11 nde km). Iji mee mgbanwe na gburugburu ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ dị oke ọkụ, onye na-achọpụta ihe ga-ebu ihe mkpuchi okpomọkụ nke mejupụtara, dome ga-eguzogide ìhè anyanwụ. A pụghị ime ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na afọ 10 gara aga.
Ọ bụrụ na ị bụ 1 square mita satịlaịtị na Earth orbit, na ike anyanwụ bụ banyere 1350 watts iru gị, ma Parker bụ ihe 25 ugboro nso karịa ọnọdụ a, nke bụ banyere 850,000 watts nke okpomọkụ kwa square mita. Ọ bụrụ na agụọ mpaghara ahụ, nyocha anyanwụ nke Parker ga-anagide ihe dị ka nde watts 3 nke ume. A na-akpọkwa ọta ikpo ọkụ nke ihe nchọta dị ka sistemu nchekwa thermal (TPS), nke nwere okpukpu abụọ mejupụtara carbon na ụfụfụ carbon nke nwere mgbachi etiti nke ihe dịka inch 4.5 (11.43cm). Ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-eche ihu Sun nwekwara mkpuchi ọcha pụrụ iche iji gosipụta ike sitere na anyanwụ dị ka o kwere mee. Ihe a na-eguzogide ọgwụ na 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (ihe dịka 1371 ℃) ma hụ na ngwá ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe dịka 85 degrees Fahrenheit (ihe dịka 30 ℃).
"Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ a dị na 60's na 70's, ọbụlagodi mgbe etinyere ya na 80's, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịfe ọla dị elu na-eguzogide okpomọkụ," Driesman kwuru. "Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-ewu a metal Jerdon na a dị elu na-agbaze ebe, ma ọ dịghị mgbe eziga ya eluigwe, n'ihi na ígwè dị oke arọ. "N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ azụmahịa carbon fibers, ha carbon-carbon Ọdịdị na-adịghị polymerized site hardening resins n'ihi na hardened resins evaporate nso anyanwụ dị ka mmanụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'okporo ụzọ na-ebupụta, "ka o kwuru. Iji mee ka okpomọkụ ọta, NASA jupụta na carbon fiber na resin na-eme ka ọ sie ike resin, wee mee ka ọ na-eme ka resin na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. 3,000-ogo oven, ma na-emegharị usoro ahụ ugboro 4 ruo 5 "N'ikpeazụ ị ga-enweta eriri carbon nke kpuchiri gị. Ọdịdị carbon-carbon anyị na-ekwu maka ya bụ carbon dị ọcha, enweghị resins na ihe ndị ọzọ. "A na-eji efere carbon-carbon a eme n'ihu na azụ akụkụ nke ọta okpomọkụ, nke, na mgbakwunye na nkedo, nwere ike ọrụ siri ike." Ibé akwụkwọ carbon-carbon 2 dị gịrịgịrị nke na-ehulata na ọbụna machie. N'etiti ihe carbon-carbon nke nwere okpukpu abụọ, oyi akwa nke ihe dị ka sentimita 4.5 nke ụfụfụ carbon, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike iji mepụta ọkpụkpụ ọzọ. Nhazi Sanwichi ahụ na-akwalite ihe niile dị ka kaadiboodu corrugated - nke dị naanị kilogram 160 (ihe dị ka 73kg) maka ọta ọkụ dị n'ụkwụ asatọ dum.
Ụfụfụ bụkwa usoro kachasị mkpa nke ọrụ mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ. Mana 97% nke carbon afụ bụ ikuku, iji wee belata ịdị arọ nke nyocha oghere. Carbon n'onwe ya na-eduzi okpomọkụ, na usoro ụfụfụ ahụ pụtakwara na ọ dịghị oke okpomọkụ a ga-ebunye. Afụ adịghị mfe ịnwale, ha na-agbaji nke ukwuu. Ma enwere nsogbu ọzọ. "Mgbe ha na-ekpo ọkụ, ha na-ere ọkụ." "Ọkụ Abel kwuru. Ọkụ abụghị nnukwu nsogbu na oghere, ma ikuku fọdụrụ na ule ahụ ga-eme ka egosipụta na-ere ọkụ n'ime unyi. Ya mere, National Oak Ridge Laboratory Engineers na elu okpomọkụ plasma arc lamps iji nwalee okpomọkụ ọta nke ndị a carbon ụfụfụ elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide. The thermal mkpuchi nke ndị a carbon foams n'ebe ahụ bụ nanị na-achọpụta na okpomọkụ agaghị arụ ọrụ. nkwụsịtụ na mbara igwe, naanị otu ụzọ isi kpochapụ okpomọkụ bụ ịgbasa ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ n'ụdị photons, ya mere, a na-achọ ihe nchebe ọzọ: a na-eji akwa mkpuchi na-acha ọcha na-egosipụta okpomọkụ na ìhè.
Parker Solar Detector thermal shield Ọdịdị schematic eserese
Iji mezuo nke a, Applied Physics Laboratory na Johns Hopkins University na Advanced Technology Laboratory nke Whiting School of Engineering (Advanced Technology Laboratory na Johns Hopkins University 's whiting School Engineering) ewepụtala otu ọkachamara ìgwè nke thermal insulating mkpuchi super okomoko ìgwè, na otu nnyocha mkpuchi nke elu-okpomọkụ ceramics, chemical na plasma spraying coatings. Site na nyocha ọzọ, ndị otu ahụ mechara họrọ mkpuchi mkpuchi ọcha nke dabere na alumina. Ma oyi akwa mkpuchi ga-agba chaa chaa na gburugburu ebe okpomọkụ dị elu na mmeghachi omume carbon, ya mere, ndị injinia gbakwunyere akwa tungsten n'etiti, nke dị gịrịgịrị karịa ntutu isi, ma kpuchie ya n'etiti ọta ọkụ na ọta ọcha iji gbochie mmekọrịta n'etiti okpukpu abụọ. Ha na-agbakwụnyekwa onye na-ahụ maka nano-doping iji mee ka ọta dị ọcha ma gbochie mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke ihe ndị alumina. Dennis Nagle, onye isi injinia nyocha na Center for Systems Science and engineering, kwuru na a na-ejikarị seramiki eme ihe, a na-ahọrọ mkpuchi siri ike, nke nwere oghere, mana ihe na-agbaji mgbe ejiri hama tụọ ya. Na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke Parker chere ihu, mkpuchi dị nro na-agbaji dị ka windo nkume kụrụ. Ya mere, ọbụna mkpuchi mkpuchi nwere ike iguzogide ebe a dị oke egwu. Mgbe mgbawa na-eme na mkpuchi porous, mgbawa na-akwụsị mgbe ha ruru pores. Ihe mkpuchi ahụ nwere ọtụtụ akwa granular na-enweghị isi - nke ga-ekwe ka otu akụkụ seramiiki gosipụta ìhè na-efu site na oyi akwa ọzọ.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-15-2018