Isikhathi sase-Beijing Agasti 12 3:31 PM, umtshina we-Historic Park Sun (Parker Solar Probe) e-Cape Canaveral Air Force Base slc-37b yethulwa kancane ngamarokhethi asindayo e-Delta 4. Ngemva kohambo lwendiza lwemizuzu engu-43, nakuba lesi sikhathi sabhekana nezinga lesithathu lokusolwa kokulahlekelwa umzuzu ovusa amadlingozi, ngenhlanhla umtshina weParker ohlukaniswe ngempumelelo nerokhethi, wabeka unyawo emgwaqeni omude oya elangeni, futhi ngaleyondlela wavula uhambo olusha lokuhlola komuntu ilanga!
Umtshina welanga
Yethula indawo
Ukuze bakhe irekhodi lomhlaba lokufinyelela endaweni eseduze elangeni, abantu kufanele bathole izinto ezikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. Kungashiwo ukuthi uma lungekho uhlelo lokuvikela ukushisa (TPS), alukho uParker. Ngokohlelo, uParker uzongena ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-4 ukusuka endaweni yelanga (i-6.11 million km). Ukuze uvumelane nale ndawo eshisa kakhulu, umtshina uzophatha isivikelo sokushisa esiyinhlanganisela, i-dome izomelana nokuxhomeka kwelanga. Isivikelo sokushisa besingeke senziwe eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.
Uma uyisathelayithi yesikwele esiyimitha e-Earth orbit, futhi amandla elanga angaba ngu-1350 watts ukufinyelela kuwe, kodwa u-Parker useduze izikhathi ezingu-25 kunalesi simo, esingaba ngamawathi angu-850,000 okushisa ngesikwele mitha ngasinye. Uma indawo ibalwa, i-solar probe ka-Parker kufanele imelane nama-watts wamandla ayizigidi ezi-3. Isivikelo sokushisa somtshina saziwa nangokuthi i-Thermal Protection system (TPS), ehlanganisa izendlalelo ezimbili eziyinhlanganisela yekhabhoni ethuthukisiwe kanye negwebu lekhabhoni elinesibambi esimaphakathi esingama-intshi angu-4.5 (11.43cm). Isivikelo sokushisa esibheke eLangeni sibuye sibe nombala omhlophe okhethekile okhombisa amandla avela elangeni ngangokunokwenzeka. Lesi sici simelana no-2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (cishe u-1371 ℃) futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lisebenza cishe ku-85 degrees Fahrenheit (cishe u-30 ℃).
"Uma lo msebenzi wawuphakathi kuka-60 kuya ku-70, ngisho nalapho usetshenziswa kuma-80, kungenzeka ukundiza izinsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa," kusho uDriesman. "Ososayensi bazokwakha i-Jerdon yensimbi enephuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lokuncibilika, kodwa ungalokothi uyithumele ezulwini, ngoba insimbi inzima kakhulu. "Ngokungafani namafiber amaningi e-carbon commercial, isakhiwo sabo se-carbon-carbon asenziwa nge-polymerized ngama-resin aqinile ngoba ama-resin aqinile ayahwamuka eduze kwelanga njengamafutha emigwaqweni eshisayo," esho. Ukwenza isihlangu sokushisa ", sigcwalisa i-fiber resin, i-NASA igcwalisa i-fiber, i-NASA igcwalisa i-resin eqinile, igcwalisa i-fiber resin, i-NASAs kuhhavini we-3,000-degree, futhi uphinda inqubo izikhathi ezi-4 kuye kwezi-5 "Ekugcineni uzothola i-carbon fibre ekuzungezile. Isakhiwo se-carbon-carbon esikhuluma ngaso yikhabhoni ehlanzekile, engenawo ama-resin nezinye izinto. "Izinhlangothi zangaphambili nangemuva zesihlangu esishisayo zenziwe ngaleli cwecwe le-carbon-carbon, okuthi, ngaphezu kokuba lifakwe i-insulated, linamandla amakhulu kakhulu emishini." Izendlalelo ezi-2 zamashidi ekhabhoni-carbon zincane ngokwanele ukuthi zingagoba futhi zidlulelane. Maphakathi nendawo enezingqimba ezimbili ze-carbon-carbon, ungqimba olungaba ama-intshi angu-4.5 we-carbon foam, manje esetshenziswa ngokuvamile embonini yezokwelapha ukuze kwakhiwe amanye amathambo. Idizayini yesemishi isekela lonke isakhiwo-njengekhadibhodi likathayela-enesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-160 (cishe u-73kg) kuso sonke isihlangu sokushisa esingamafidi angu-8.
Igwebu futhi liyisakhiwo esibaluleke kakhulu somsebenzi wokuvala isihlangu esishisayo. Kodwa u-97% webhamuza lekhabhoni ungumoya, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa isisindo se-space probe. I-carbon ngokwayo i-thermal conductive, futhi isakhiwo segwebu sisho futhi ukuthi akukho ukushisa okungaka okumele kudluliselwe. Amabhamuza akulula ukuwahlola, ahlakazekile ngokwedlulele. Kodwa kukhona enye inkinga. "Uma zishisa, ziyasha." "kusho u-Abel. Ukushiswa akuyona inkinga enkulu endaweni engenalutho, kodwa umoya osele esivivinyweni uzobangela ukuthi amabhamuza ashise abe amalahle. Ngakho-ke, i-National Oak Ridge Laboratory Engineers enamalambu asezingeni eliphezulu e-plasma arc ukuhlola isivikelo sokushisa salezi carbon foam ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ukushisa okushisayo okudingekayo kwalezi zimboni zekhabhoni kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amagwebu e-carbon anele ukusebenza. akukho ukuchithwa komoya emkhathini, indlela kuphela yokukhipha ukushisa ukusabalalisa ukukhanya nokukhipha ukushisa ngendlela yama-photons Ngakho-ke, enye ingqimba yokuzivikela iyadingeka: ungqimba olumhlophe oluvikelayo lusetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukushisa nokukhanya.
I-Parker Solar Detector umdwebo wesakhiwo sesihlangu esishisayo
Kuze kube manje, i-Applied Physics Laboratory yase-Johns Hopkins University kanye ne-Advanced Technology Laboratory ye-Whiting School of Engineering (Advanced Technology Laboratory in Johns Hopkins University 's whiting School Engineering) isungule ithimba lamaqembu ochwepheshe be-thermal insulating coating super luxury, kanye nethimba elihlanganisa ucwaningo lwe-high-temperature plasma ceramics kanye ne-coorate chemicals spraying. Ngokuqhubeka nokuhlola, ithimba lagcina likhethe ungqimba olumhlophe lokuvikela olusekelwe ku-alumina. Kodwa ungqimba oluyisivikelo lwaluyoba mpunga endaweni yokushisa ephezulu ngokusabela kwekhabhoni, ngakho onjiniyela bengeza ungqimba lwe-tungsten phakathi nendawo, oluncanyana kunoboya, futhi lumbozwe phakathi kwesivikelo sokushisa nesihlangu esimhlophe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili. Baphinde bangeze i-agent ye-nano-doping ukwenza izihlangu zibe mhlophe futhi zivimbele ukwanda okushisayo kwezinhlayiya ze-alumina. UDennis Nagle, unjiniyela oyinhloko wocwaningo eCentre for Systems Science and engineering, uthe imvamisa uma kusetshenziswa izitsha zobumba, kukhethwa ukunamathela okuqinile, okunezimbotshana, kodwa impahla iphuka lapho ishaywa ngesando. Ezingeni lokushisa u-Parker abhekene nalo, ukunamathela okubushelelezi kuphuka njengefasitela elithinteke ngamatshe. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nezingubo ezinama-porous zingakwazi ukumelana nalesi simo esibucayi. Lapho kuvela imifantu embotsheni enezimbotshana, imifantu iyama lapho ifika ezimbotsheni. I-coating iqukethe izendlalelo ezimbalwa ezimahhadla ze-granular-okwanele ukuvumela iqembu lezinhlayiya zobumba ukuze zibonise ukukhanya okungekho kolunye ungqimba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2018